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俄政坛“新生代”正悄然崛起

2017-09-13 09:01:30   新华网

9月10日是俄罗斯的全国“统一投票日”,俄举行大规模地方选举,选民依法选出国家杜马(议会下院)两个空缺席位的议席、16个联邦主体的行政长官和6个联邦主体议会的议员。此外,俄联邦主体和自治机构总共要举行5800场不同级别的选举,选出相应的议员和行政长官。

本次投票覆盖俄罗斯82个联邦主体,将选举产生3.6万名代表,约4600万人参加投票,几乎占全国选民人数的一半。塔斯社报道称,这次选举标志着俄罗斯进入新一轮“选举政治周期”,被视为2018年俄罗斯总统大选的“总彩排”。

据今日俄罗斯电视台11日报道,根据选举结果统计,赢得本次选举的16个联邦主体的行政长官全部来自执政党———统一俄罗斯党(简称“统俄党”)。而在6个联邦主体议会共309个议席中,统俄党赢得了239个议席。

来自12个国家的28名国家观察员前往俄各地监督选举。俄政府对选举暴力“零容忍”的态度早已预示此次选举不会出什么岔子。选举结果事实上也早已毫无悬念,总体来说,俄罗斯的选举机制对现任执政团体“十分偏爱”。

首先,俄罗斯的选举法律和规则不停在改变,每次改变在制度保障上都向着既得利益者倾斜,甚至包括投票日期,比如此次选举的投票日设在“城市日”这天,利用人们庆祝节日的情绪来分散对投票的注意力;第二,俄罗斯选举法赋予选举委员会充分的权力,比如它可以拒绝一些人登记成为候选人;第三,在俄罗斯,从登记成为候选人到正式投票日的时间非常短,仅仅3个月的时间,对政治新手来说,根本没有充分的时间进行宣传、拉票。因为选举委员会认为,还没有宣布选举正式开始就进行拉票是非法的。第四,执政党的候选人拥有垄断性的媒体资源,而反对派的候选人缺乏足够的政治资金去宣传造势。他们可能只能依赖于一些私人的捐款,却得不到大财阀的支持。事实上俄罗斯的政商关系十分复杂,某个大企业支持反对派几乎意味着跟政府作对。

在这样的选举机制下,现任执政团体拥有绝对优势的选举资源,统俄党压倒性地赢得地方选举也就不足为奇了。

尽管在本次选举中,统俄党大获全胜,但是在地方议会层面,依旧能看到两大趋势在逐渐显现:

第一,“新生代”正在崛起。《莫斯科时报》 报道称,在莫斯科市议会的竞选中,青年候选人比例达到俄罗斯独立以来的峰值:35岁以下的候选人占候选人总数的36.89%,而这个数据在2012年是32%,在2008年只有25%。

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