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“伊斯兰国”在叙最后据点行将崩溃 叙依旧难迎和平曙光

2017-09-13 09:01:30   新华网

首先,“伊斯兰国”组织恐将死而不僵。极端分子很可能在“亡国”后化整为零,或随难民逃出,或潜伏至平民中,或回流至母国积蓄力量,伺机发动“独狼式”袭击,甚至不排除以下可能:极端分子改头换面,在埃及西奈半岛、阿富汗、也门、利比亚等动荡地区建立新的“大本营”,成立新的极端组织。

其次,“基地”组织恐将重获主导权。三年来,“伊斯兰国”风头一度盖过“基地”组织。今年前者失势后,“基地”组织已重新扛起全球“圣战”的大旗。如成立于2012年的“努斯拉阵线”原本是“基地”组织在叙利亚的分支机构,后得到美、欧、土耳其和海湾国家的支持而独立门户,成为叙利亚反对派的主力。该组织虽于2015年与其他组织合并成立“征服之军”,宣布脱离“基地”组织,但仍受后者影响。今年1月,它又与其他三个极端组织合流,成立“沙姆解放组织”。“沙姆解放组织”与“基地”组织意识形态一脉相承,在资金、人员和装备等方面保持千丝万缕的联系,至今在叙西北部省区异常活跃。

最后,在后“伊斯兰国”时代,大国在叙利亚的争夺恐将升级。当前,俄罗斯、伊朗和黎巴嫩真主党力保叙利亚政府军;美国力挺库尔德人为主的“叙利亚民主军”;土耳其扶持土叙边境阿勒颇省的“叙利亚自由军”;西方和海湾阿拉伯国家支持伊德利 卜省和约旦边境地区的叙利亚反对派;还有一些外部力量暗地向“努斯拉阵线”和“沙姆解放组织”提供资金和军火支持。

这就意味着,当共同敌人———“伊斯兰国”被打败后,美俄之间、沙特与伊朗之间、土耳其与叙利亚库尔德人之间、叙利亚政府军与“叙利亚民主军”和“叙利亚自由军”之间等,恐将重新争夺地盘。持续6年的叙利亚冲突削弱了国家认同,这个经历严重战争创伤的国家仍然难以在短期内迎来和平与和解的曙光。(作者孙德刚,上海外国语大学中东研究所副所长)

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