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携手防治荒漠 共谋人类福祉——《联合国防治荒漠化公约》第13次缔约方大会见证中国破解世界治沙难题

2017-09-12 20:46:22   新华网

新华社北京9月12日电 题:携手防治荒漠共谋人类福祉——《联合国防治荒漠化公约》第13次缔约方大会见证中国破解世界治沙难题

新华社记者李仁虎、侯雪静、于嘉

荒漠化被称为“地球癌症”,目前全球167个国家和地区的20多亿人口受到荒漠化的威胁。

土地的健康,决定着水、粮食和气候的安全,关系到人类的未来。

山水林田湖草是生命共同体,防沙治沙就是对整个生态系统的保护和修复。

为应对全球共同的顽疾,《联合国防治荒漠化公约》1996年生效,成为关注土地问题的第一个全球性公约,我国在公约生效当年就加入。

公约生效21年来,十几次缔约方大会,196个国家和地区的推动,合作机制日渐完善,阶段性目标愈发清晰——“到2030年实现全球土地退化零增长目标”。

2017年第13次缔约方大会的接力棒交到中国手中时,中国已是全球治沙“尖子生”,中国的治沙奇迹引发世界关注,中国的治沙理念和方案,正在推动世界防治荒漠化进程。

凝聚生态共识:中国生态文明理念引发世界共鸣

内蒙古荒漠化土地面积占全国荒漠化土地面积的23%左右,经过几十年的努力,荒漠化土地面积逐年缩减。2000年以来,荒漠化土地面积减少了290多万公顷。

这只是我国防沙治沙的一个缩影,中国68年的治沙历程,堪称世界生态建设史上的奇迹:

上世纪50年代到70年代,是防治荒漠化起步阶段,中国政府组织广大人民和科技人员开展了大规模的全民防沙治沙行动。

1978年以后,上马三北防护林体系建设工程等一批生态建设工程,开启了以生态工程推动治沙的重点治理阶段,其间签署了《联合国防治荒漠化公约》,建立了荒漠化监测体系。

进入新世纪,颁布了《中华人民共和国防沙治沙法》,建立了省级政府防沙治沙目标责任考核制度,防沙治沙进入快速发展阶段。

前人栽树,后人乘凉。从2004年开始,我国连续三个监测周期实现了治沙成绩单上的四个“双”:荒漠化和沙化面积“双缩减”、荒漠化和沙化程度“双减轻”、沙区植被状况和固碳能力“双提高”、区域风蚀状况和风沙天气“双下降”,提前实现了联合国提出的到2030年实现全球退化土地零增长目标。

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