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美国防部将制定新国防战略 讨论回归“同时打赢两场战争”
2017-09-12 16:56:23 中国青年网
美国防部的一个专家小组正在制定新版国防战略,并且正在围绕使美国回归“同时打赢两场战争”展开激烈讨论。该战略预计2018年初提交给国会。
美国防部长马蒂斯
新战略的目标
美国防部长马蒂斯曾在1月31日的备忘录中明确表示,新版国防战略将通过建立新的“兵力规模结构”来支持扩充军队规模,目标是建设更大规模、更有能力、更具杀伤力的联合部队;新国防战略将“确定一种方法,在应对高端竞争对手时提高联合部队的杀伤力,并在应对潜在威胁时增强美军的作战效能”。马蒂斯称,紧随新国防战略之后,将制定覆盖2019~2023财年的五年预算计划,该预算计划将包含“快速而负责地发展兵力的举措,以及对先进能力的关键投资”。
战略背景
2012年,美军放弃了传统的“同时打赢两场战争”的战略 。时任国防部长帕内塔表示,两线作战模式是“冷战”时期的产物,但在某种程度上,这种模式为美军理解未来作战提供了立足点。其后,美国转为“打赢一场战争,同时拒止另一场战争”的战略,使其能在一场主要战争中取得决定性胜利,同时在另一个战区挫败敌人的侵略 。然而,随着俄罗斯在东欧的军事活动的复苏,伊拉克、叙利亚、“伊斯兰国”组织的崛起,以及朝鲜的核威胁,全球威胁环境已经发生了变化。
新战略的内涵
马蒂斯已委派一个专家小组撰写新国防战略。前国防部官员、现任美国防大学研究员霍夫曼是该小组成员。国防大学曾在2016年12月发布报告,旨在为即将上任的特朗普政府提供关于政府政策的建议。霍夫曼撰写了关于国防政策和战略的章节,主张回归“同时打赢两场战争”的架构,但纳入了“独立打赢一场战争,并借助联盟打赢一场战争”的标准,该标准反映了当前的预算限制问题 。霍夫曼表示,美军应该根据合作伙伴来考虑作战,明确盟友能提供哪些硬实力。这种架构符合美军的战略利益,但也反映了资源和能力的局限。
国会组建战略评审小组
与此同时,国会还委任一个新委员会来评审国防战略、军事战备水平、战略环境和其他问题,国防部前任负责政策的副部长、现任战略与预算评估中心分析师埃德尔曼将担任该委员会主席。该小组委员会尚未正式成立,也尚未举行第一次会议。
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