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巴基斯坦总人口突破2亿 成全球人口第五大国

2017-09-11 13:41:40   

多年来巴基斯坦人口快速成长的趋势一直很明显,各地学校、诊所及贫穷小区越来越拥挤。但直到2周前人们才知道问题有多严重。

据台湾“中央社”9月9日报道,根据最新公布的巴基斯坦自1998年以来首次全国人口普查初步结果,这段期间人口成长了57%,达到2.077 亿人。这使得巴基斯坦超越巴西,成为全球人口第5大国,仅次于中国、印度、美国与印度尼西亚。

报道援引《华盛顿邮报》报道称,巴基斯坦的出生率虽然逐年下降,但仍惊人地高。当地出生率达千分之22,与玻利维亚和海地相当,也在全球非洲以外地区名列前茅。

专栏作家扎希德·侯赛因最近在巴基斯坦《黎明报》写道:“人口爆炸的炸弹已经威胁到整个国家的未来。”他指出,由于巴基斯坦60%的人口不到30岁,接近1/3人口活在贫穷中,且只有58%的人识字。

一些专家估计,即使生育率放缓,巴基斯坦人口到了本世纪中仍可能再增加一倍。这将令用水及公共卫生系统面临灾难般的压力,医疗与教育服务将被需求淹没,同时制造数千万失业人口。

然而这份人口普查结果,却未激发出新的解决人口危机的想法,反而引发一连串争论,认为部分地区人口可能高估或低估,或是本应列为乡间人口的却被列入城市人口。这些口水战无异于政治资源及资金的争夺战,包括地方议会席次及中央政府补助款金额。

不过,还是有少数人密切注意更广泛的问题。其中一位是旁遮普省人口福利局的官员希林。她的任务是说服巴基斯坦家庭减少生育,以及提供他们避孕的管道;但她也强烈意识到阻碍重重。

希林说:“我们面临的是贫穷加上文盲这样的致命组合。改变人们的观念需要一段长时间,但我们没有留待时间来解决的余裕。”

巴基斯坦妇女在给小孩做人口普查登记。(图片来自《华盛顿邮报》)

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