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留学海外,如何应对文化冲击?

2017-09-11 08:21:39   新华网

留学生活中,接触到的不仅是知识。身处陌生的国家,由历史和文化背景的不同而引发的文化冲击,是每一个海外学子都会遇到并且必须面对的。那么,海外的学子该如何应对文化冲击呢?

初到海外,适应不同国家文化习惯

近年来,中国留学生的足迹遍布世界各国,除了传统的英美之外,越来越多的学子考虑赴澳洲、北欧等国家和地区留学。在不同的文化环境中,海外学子们面临着或大或小的文化冲击。

宋正铎目前在法国波尔多大学就读。在留学期间,中西方文化的碰撞所产生的文化冲击让他体会很深。宋正铎说:“这种文化冲击包括生活中的一些小事,比如,法国人会在上公共汽车的时候主动向司机问好。这个小细节体现出法国人开放的交际心态。”

作为移民国家的澳大利亚对文化的包容性相对更高一些,但是当地人对很多事物的看法依然与中国差距很大。就读于墨尔本大学的柴颖所看到的一些现象,让她感受到了不同文化环境下人的不同个性:国外对技术类大学的认可程度很高;理论类专业在他们看来是富人的选择;当地学生在成年后很少依赖父母;退休之后的老人依然热衷于融入社会,愿意让生活变得忙碌。

在一些华人较少的地区,海外学子感受到的文化冲击更加直接。在瑞典皇家理工大学经历了一年的学习生活的王雅薇提到,她在男女平等方面体会非常深刻:“在瑞典,女生拎不动东西的时候,不会有人主动帮你拿,因为男生觉得这是冒犯。”对于这样的认知,她也从一开始的不习惯,到后来逐渐适应,进一步提升了自身的独立性。

面对差异,学会理解尊重他国文化

对于文化冲击,其实大多数同学在出国读书之前,就已经做了相应的心理准备。留学既是学习知识的过程,也是一个难得的了解不同文化的机会。怀着开放的心态,可以避免冲突,也可以更快融入环境。

在英国曼彻斯特大学就读的李清莹说,曾经有朋友因为在圣诞集市凑近去看商品,越过了当地人的“舒适距离”,而被卖家指责没有礼貌。在应对这类事情的时候,李清莹说:“留学时肯定会遇到很多这类情况。在保证自己的权利不受侵犯的前提下,要学会理解、尊重并包容他国文化。”

宋振铎对语言障碍的体会非常深刻。他说,身边有一些同学因为怕碰壁,而选择将自己封闭在中国学生的圈子里。这样做的结果是既难以融入当地的环境,也会感到孤独。其实只要积极一些,交流并没有想象中那么难。在主动克服语言障碍,积极与当地人沟通的过程中,即使无法避免文化隔阂的存在,但是尊重和理解却打开了交流的大门。

尊重他人,首先要做到坚信自己

在这个东西方文化日益交流融合的时代,中国留学生肩负着把历史悠久的中华文化传播到世界各地的责任。留学生是站在文化交流前沿的人,通过多种方式向留学目的地国家的民众介绍中国文化,是责任,更是使命。

李清莹留学期间加入了曼城中国学生学者联谊会,该联谊会每年都会举办中国文化节、曼城春晚等活动,举办这些活动时会邀请其他国家的老师和同学参加。另外,曼城孔子学院也会组织一对一的中文学习活动,让中国留学生同孔子学院学员深入交流,让他们在学习中文的同时了解中华文化。

除了各种正式社交活动,日常生活中的交流也是传播中华文化的机会。一起上课时或者课后的闲暇时间,很多学子都会积极主动地向其他国家的学生介绍中华文化。宋正铎每次回法国的时候都要带一些烧烤料和火锅蘸料,王雅薇也会带上筷子和茶作为礼物送给外国朋友。(谷 莹)

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