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综述:专家学者认为欧洲消除恐怖主义任重道远

2017-09-10 15:56:38   中国网

新华社布鲁塞尔9月10日电综述:专家学者认为欧洲消除恐怖主义任重道远

新华社记者潘革平

近年来,国际恐怖主义活动范围不断扩大,原本安全的欧洲接连发生恐怖袭击事件,民众心中惶惶不安。虽然极端组织“伊斯兰国”近期在中东节节败退,但欧洲的恐怖主义活动却依然猖獗。欧洲专家学者认为,造成恐怖主义泛滥的根本原因并未根除,恐怖袭击变得更加难以防范,世界,尤其是欧洲反恐斗争依然任重而道远。

巴黎政治学院的让-皮埃尔·菲利于教授认为,恐怖主义的根源在美国,“正是布什当年在中东发起的全面战争,为如今恐怖主义的蔓延埋下了祸根”。

菲利于认为,欧洲国家各自为政,缺乏统一认识和共同政策也是导致恐怖主义频仍的原因之一。他说,虽然欧洲已经采取了一些行动,如任命反恐协调员、共享飞机乘客信息等,但这些还不够,“欧盟还应该任命一位共同的反恐检察官”。欧盟成员国之间尤其应当加强情报交流。

纵观近年来欧美发生的恐怖袭击事件,其中不少是由本土思想激进人士发动的“独狼”式袭击。这种袭击自由性、随意性极强,很难提前预防。

比利时首都布鲁塞尔的莫伦贝克曾经默默无闻,后因巴黎恐袭案主要嫌疑人及布鲁塞尔恐袭案嫌疑人相继在这里被抓获而被媒体广泛关注,甚至被称为恐怖主义的“老巢”。

在莫伦贝克从事防止年轻人极端化工作的奥利维耶·范德哈根说:“家庭问题、歧视以及知识的缺乏,使得年轻人很容易被恐怖组织的宣传所蛊惑,而这一现象绝非莫伦贝克所独有。”他认为,欧洲内部社会分裂现象突出也给恐怖主义势力的渗入提供了土壤,如何有效地预防以及合力反恐成为欧洲国家最主要的难题。

比利时列日大学伊斯兰问题专家阿兰·格里尼亚说:“能肯定的是,在可预见的未来,欧洲的恐怖行为不会消失,因为导致极端势力抬头的因素没有消失。”他说,过去一二代人的时间里,种种因素相互叠加才导致如今很多年轻人加入极端主义阵营,这一现象不可能短期内改变。

自2016年布鲁塞尔系列恐怖袭击之后,比利时境内的恐怖组织势力受到打压,但未来“独狼”式袭击发生的可能性仍不能被排除。格里尼亚说:“过去几年间,比利时曾把200多名有过极端主义行为的人送进了监狱,现在这些人大多数即将出狱。对其中一些人来说,短短几年的牢狱生涯并不能使他们的思想发生转变,有的甚至可能会变本加厉。”

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