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专访:美国更新核武库有三大趋势——访美国核武政策专家汉斯·克里斯滕森

2017-09-07 10:22:14   新华网

新华社华盛顿9月7日电  专访:美国更新核武库有三大趋势——访美国核武政策专家汉斯·克里斯滕森

新华社记者刘阳 刘帅

近日,美国国防部称空军和军火供应商雷神公司、洛克希德-马丁公司分别达成价值9亿美元的合同,以研发可以替换AGM-86B的远程对峙武器。美国总统特朗普在谈到向阿富汗增兵时也提到,美国政府投入“大量资金”更新美国核武库。

美国核武器政策专家、美国科学家联合会核信息部主任汉斯·克里斯滕森在接受新华社记者专访时说,美国现有核武器在2030年之后难以使用,因此美国正进行大规模的核武库更新换代,而加强核武器的灵活性、精确性和易替代性是其更新核武库的三大技术趋势。

克里斯滕森说,自上世纪40年代以来,美国已数次大规模更新换代其核武库,这次换代属于正常周期。特朗普上台以来尚未公布详细的核武器发展规划,但已要求进行《核态势评估》调研。这份报告预计于今年年底完成,将对美国未来的核战略做出更清晰的规划。

他认为,美国《核态势评估》有很强的连续性,从克林顿时期到奥巴马时期,其核心部分没有太多变化。“此次需要关注的一个指标是美国核政策重心是防御还是核战争。”

克里斯滕森表示,美国本次更新核武库呈现出三大技术趋势:一是增加核弹头当量调节灵活程度;二是为弹头配备更精密的电子装备,使导弹更加精准地摧毁目标;三是改装现有弹头,使之可以方便地在海基发射和陆基发射之间互换。

“美国不少参与制定核政策的人都希望未来的核武器更精准,这就要减少当量。”克里斯滕森说,当量较小的核弹爆炸后对周边影响较小,从而可以保护美国部队及其盟友。

克里斯滕森指出,其实美军已有小当量核弹,但军方希望更加灵活。

至于当量变小会否让美国更多地考虑使用核武器,克里斯滕森说,“我没有看到美国在向更愿意使用核武器的方向发展。但是否使用核武器由总统决定,他是否会因当量变小、造成危害更小而更倾向于使用核武器,这是一个很大的未知数。”

克里斯滕森说,改装现有核弹头也是重要一步,即分别从陆基和海基的核弹头中取出部分配件,合成一种新型的核弹头,这种新型核弹头只需稍作改动就可以适用于陆基或海基的发射装置。美军由此可以减少核武器种类和数量,便于日常维护。

他指出,还有一个新技术是改进核弹头的电子探测装置,使之可以计算出最佳引爆点。经过改进的电子装置位于核弹头尖端,在核弹头接近目标时,可以保证核弹在最佳位置引爆。

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