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飓风过后 美国动用应急油储

2017-09-02 06:56:02   新华网

美国政府动用应急石油储备,应对飓风“哈维”引发的汽油涨价。

美国政府向菲利普斯66控股公司位于路易斯安那州的炼油厂放出100万桶油,这些油取自美国战略石油储备,条件是这家炼油厂在石油供应恢复后替换这些油。

美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)8月31日报道,美国政府这次释放油储,是应上述炼油厂的请求。这家炼油厂尚未因“哈维”飓风关闭。美国著名投资人沃伦·巴菲特旗下伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司是菲利普斯66公司最大股东。

美国能源部说,将在必要情况下“继续提供支持”,包括释放更多油储的可能性。

美国战略石油储备制度在上世纪70年代石油危机后建立。6.79亿桶原油储存于得克萨斯州和路易斯安那州海岸附近的地下,可供全美国使用33天,为全世界规模最大的应急石油储备。

这并非美国第一次动用石油储备。例如,美国政府曾因2011年利比亚战争和2005年“卡特里娜”飓风释放油储。

今年早些时候,美国总统唐纳德·特朗普提议卖掉美国一半战略石油储备,以填补空虚的财政。这一提议当时遭到一些分析师的批评。

【输油管闹饥荒】

就在美国政府释放应急油储前夕,Colonial输油管关闭。这条输油管线在休斯敦和东海岸之间运输大量汽油。之所以关闭,原因是没有足够汽油支撑管线运行。

能源部长里克·佩里说,Colonial输油管关闭受汽油供应短缺影响,而非因为管线自身受损。

佩里8月31日在空军二号上告诉媒体记者:“我不知道那些(炼油厂)恢复生产需要多久。”

Clipper数据公司大宗商品研究部负责人马特·史密斯说,释放应急油储可能旨在帮助喂饱Colonial输油管。

史密斯说:“炼油厂得不到所需原油,现在面临巨大物流挑战。”

一些行业人士认为,此次应急油储释放旨在缓解市场对汽油严重短缺的担忧。前能源部官员乔·麦克莫尼格尔说:“这次释放向市场发出一个讯息,即美国政府有意愿化解任何供应短缺。这绝对会产生心理影响。”

美国汽车协会数据显示,飓风“哈维”产生的破坏致使汽油价格8月31日上涨至每加仑(合3.79升)2.449美元。

普氏能源资讯公司数据显示,飓风“哈维”迫使全美五分之一的炼油产能“下线”。得克萨斯州13家炼油厂已经或准备关停,其他炼油厂减产运营。

麦克莫尼格尔说:“现场情况比报道中的更要糟糕,可能不会迅速好转。行业恢复元气需要一段时间。”

美联社报道,截至8月31日,“哈维”在得州造成的死亡人数已经达到31人,1000多幢民宅被摧毁,接近5万幢民宅损毁,3.2万人被迫离家栖身临时避难所。(卜晓明)(新华社专特稿)

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