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坦赞铁路50周年:中国铁路“走出去”从这里开始

2017-09-07 09:42:40   中国经济网

中新社北京9月5日电 题:坦赞铁路50周年:中国铁路“走出去”的精神从这里开始

中新社记者 刘辰瑶

“那一年我32岁,能接到国家布置的铁路修建任务,是无上的光荣和自豪。”自称“80后”的白发老人杨德瑞是中国土木工程集团有限公司(以下简称“中土集团”)原副总经理,也是较早一批赴非洲的坦赞铁路建设者。

杨老口中的“那一年”,距今已经50载。

1967年9月5日,中、坦、赞三国政府在北京签订“关于修建坦桑尼亚—赞比亚铁路的协定”。杨德瑞所在的中土集团前身是原铁道部援外办公室,当时代表中国政府全面组织、承建坦赞铁路的勘察、设计、施工、车辆供应、试运营、维护、技术援助等。第二年的4月12日,杨德瑞所在的中国工程勘测队乘坐“耀华”号远洋客轮从广州的黄埔港起航,坦赞铁路开始勘测设计。

杨德瑞记得很清楚,那时从北京到广州的特快列车要2天3夜,从广州坐轮船去非洲最快13天,慢的也要18天,“但这还不是最苦的”。

坦赞铁路东起坦桑尼亚首都达累斯萨拉姆,西至赞比亚的新卡皮里姆波希与赞比亚既有铁路接轨,全长1860.5公里,建设需穿越东非大裂谷带,并且非洲大陆阳光炙热、野兽横行、疾病肆虐、原始森林密不透风、生活单调、物资供应缺少,勘探难度非常大。

“在如今靠无人机勘探、十几人设计团队个把月能做好的工作,当时7000多名设计者花了22个月才做好。”杨德瑞告诉记者。

为了修建这条先后被世界银行、苏联和西方国家政府先后婉拒的铁路项目,上世纪60—70年代经济困难的中国投入了巨大的财力、物力和人力,实际造价一增再增。从勘探到竣工整整花了8个年头。

数据显示,坦赞铁路修建过程中,中国政府提供了9.88亿元人民币无息贷款,并先后派出工程技术人员5万多人次参与建设,发送各类建设物资100多万吨。在此期间中国曾为这条铁路配备了内燃液力传动机车102台,各种客车100辆,各种货车2100辆,全线共配备铁路所需主要设备6025台(组套)。此外,在坦桑尼亚中国援坦专家公墓共安葬着69位援助坦桑尼亚国家建设而殉职的中国专家、技术人员和工人。

中国的付出为当地带来了福音。据统计,坦赞铁路从考察、施工、到技术合作50多年来,累计运送货物3000多万吨,运送旅客4000多万人次,为赞比亚铜矿出口提供了新的出海口。1976年7月14日开始运营后,为坦赞两国解决就业6000多人。

尽管已退休多年,但在杨德瑞和他的老伙伴看来,“坦赞铁路精神”早已深深烙印在了心里。

“坦赞铁路是中非友谊的一座丰碑,没有坦赞铁路就没有中土集团,坦赞铁路精神是中土集团的灵魂。”中土集团党委书记、董事长袁立告诉中新社记者,如今的“坦赞铁路精神”不仅仅局限于坦桑尼亚、赞比亚两地,正在以各种各样的形式在中土的全球市场展现出来。

记者从中土集团了解到,截至目前,中土集团经营覆盖全球85个国家和地区,在50个国家有项目,在建项目367个。其中,尼日利亚沿海铁路成为中国对外工程承包史上单体合同金额最大的项目。(完)

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