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关东大地震后数百中国人遭杀害 死难者后人吁日本正视历史

2017-09-06 09:07:28   中国青年网

资料图:为纪念1923年9月1日发生的关东大地震,日本各地在9月1日“防灾日”举行了大规模综合防灾演练,以应对可能发生的地震、海啸等重大自然灾害。新华社记者华义摄

日媒称,东京都知事小池百合子决定不再向关东大地震韩国人死难者追悼仪式奉送祭文一事引发争论。不过鲜为人知的是,当时也有众多中国人遭到屠杀。4日,中国人死难者后人在东京都出席了慰灵仪式,呼吁“正视历史”。

据日本《东京新闻》9月5日报道,特意为参加慰灵仪式来到日本的死难者遗属约10名,他们与日方的后援人员一起默哀,向写有“悼”字的陶板献上鲜花。

“希望悲剧不再重演,日本政府要正视历史。”在东京都墨田区都立横纲町公园内的都慰灵堂举办的纪念仪式上,周江法如是说,他的祖父兄弟三人在关东大地震期间遭到杀害。

据曾经当过教师的中国研究者、已故的仁木文子女士调查,关东大地震发生后的1923年9月3日,军人、警察和普通民众在中国劳工集中居住的大岛町(现东京都江东区大岛)杀害了多名中国人。因为担心同胞的安危来到大岛町的中国人互助团体“侨日互助会”会长王希天也被杀害。调查显示,在东京和神奈川遇难的中国人超过600人。此外,日本律师联合会2003年结束的调查显示,“惨遭杀害的中国人数量在200-750这一范围内”。

报道称,屠杀朝鲜人源自“朝鲜人煽动暴乱”的谣言,而屠杀中国人似乎是有计划地实施的。背后的原因可能是日本人对于工资低廉的中国劳工的反感。

在该公园内的朝鲜人遇难者追悼碑前,从上世纪70年代开始每年都会举行追悼仪式。但中国人遇难者不仅没有墓碑,甚至连中国人遭屠杀这件事本身都鲜为人知,正儿八经的慰灵活动也是最近几年才开始的。在一些市民团体的帮助下,2013年,遗属代表首次来日,之后每年都坚持举办慰灵活动,但在都慰灵堂举办仪式还是第一次。

黄爱盛的曾祖父在震灾后被杀害,对于小池都知事不再向朝鲜人遇难者奉送祭文一事他感到很难过:“无论政治家如何操弄历史,历史本身就是证明,我希望与爱好和平的日本人士一道奋斗下去。”

遗属们曾于2014年向外务省递交了写给安倍晋三首相的请愿书,希望政府承认曾经参与屠杀,在道歉的基础上作出赔偿并修建纪念碑,将屠杀事实写入教科书,但是至今未收到政府方面的任何回应。今年参加慰灵仪式后他们也拜访了内阁府中央防灾会议和外务省,但未能得到回复。

作为后援团体一员的一桥大学名誉教授田中宏对小池的做法提出批评,他说:“在历史认识方面(小池)已经不可救药,值得注意的是,她是以回答自民党都议员提问的方式宣布停止向遇难者奉送祭文的,看起来是与自民党对立,但采取的却是一致的步调。”田中呼吁政府拿出看得见的对策来,“(关东大地震时代的)流言已经发展成了当代的仇恨言论”。

曾经撰写有关震灾期间朝鲜人遭屠杀内容的非虚构小说作家加藤直树也出席了当天的慰灵仪式。他表示:“为了让东京成为开放多元的国际大都市,有必要提前压制住那些‘负面原点’。今天,很多中国的朋友来到这里,真诚悼念死难者,大家彼此确认不要让悲剧重演,只有这样东京才能成为一个对歧视零容忍的城市并继续发展下去。” (编译/刘林)

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