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【专家谈】“金砖+”是全球发展新旧动能转换的主引擎

2017-09-05 20:15:43   光明网

沈夏珠复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院

9月5日上午,金砖国家领导人第九次会晤在厦门国际会议中心举行新兴市场国家与发展中国家对话会。中国国家主席习近平主持对话会并发表致辞,他在致辞中特别指出,中方今年有所创新,邀请了来自不同地区、有代表性的国家出席对话会,这种对话将有利于新兴市场国家和发展中国家加强团结合作,有利于金砖机制的自身发展。“一花不是春,孤雁难成行”。中方的这次创新,将“金砖+”从倡议变为现实,将金砖五国扩展为“新兴市场国家+发展中国家”,目的就在于不断地扩大金砖国家的朋友圈,努力构建更加广泛的发展伙伴网络,建设各国发展共同体、命运共同体。

事实上,早在2014年7月15日,习近平主席在巴西福塔莱萨举行的金砖国家领导人第六次会晤时就发表了题为《新起点新愿景新动力》的讲话。他号召金砖国家要站在新的发展起点上,憧憬新的发展愿景,形成新的发展动力。金砖五国人口占世界的43%,国土面积占世界的30%,GDP约占世界的23%,贸易额约占世界的16%,过去10年对世界经济增长的贡献率达50%,已然是全球发展的主动力。因此,要说以金砖五国为代表的“金砖+”是当今全球发展新旧动能转换的主引擎,当之无愧。

与新兴市场国家崛起并行的是,西方发达国家经济增长乏力,社会矛盾丛生。由于推动全球发展的旧动能日渐疲弱,世界经济下行风险和不确定性在同步上升,部分发达国家开始只求自保,贸易保护主义抬头,承担国际义务和参与国际合作的意愿不断消减,这种政策调整必然在世界范围内产生负外部效应。因此,全球发展进入新旧动能加速转换的关键期。在这个关键期里,“金砖+”能否在日趋复杂、严峻的外部环境下获得自身的发展,并且贡献世界经济增长,关及人类社会的未来命运,这就要求它们必须同舟共济、坚定信心,联手营造有利发展环境,努力实现更大发展,为世界经济增长做出更大贡献。这是“金砖+”作为全球发展新旧动能转换主引擎的必然历史担当。

“金砖+”要实现“主引擎”的历史担当,就必须实现开放、可持续和创新发展。习近平主席在致辞中深刻指出,新兴市场国家与发展中国家要实现开放发展,就要加强团结协作,共同构建开放型世界经济,要努力提升新兴市场国家和发展中国家在全球经济治理中的代表性和发言权;要实现可持续发展,就要加强团结协作,共同落实2030年可持续发展议程,立足自身国情,把可持续发展议题同本国发展战略有效对接,探索出一条经济、社会、环境协调并进的可持续发展之路;要实现创新发展,就要加强团结协作,共同把握世界经济结构调整的历史机遇,勇于创新,敢于改革,大刀阔斧推进经济结构调整,挖掘发展内生动力,努力实现弯道超车。

总之,新兴市场国家与广大发展中国家形成合力,已然成为全球发展新旧动能转换的主引擎,“金砖”发展为“金砖+”实属历史的必然。金砖国家领导人第九次会晤的中方创新,既符合金砖机制自身的发展逻辑,也符合南南合作的历史逻辑,同时也符合构建人类命运共同体的内在逻辑,一个推动全球治理的新型国际合作平台必将应运而生。

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