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外交战延续 美俄关系短期难转暖

2017-09-02 06:55:56   新华网

美国国务院8月31日宣布,作为对俄罗斯要求削减美驻俄外交机构工作人员的回应,美方要求俄方9月2日前关闭俄驻旧金山总领馆及位于华盛顿和纽约的各一处外交设施。

俄罗斯外交部长谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫和重要议会成员当天均对此表示不满,说俄方会在认真研究美方措施后作出回应。

分析人士认为,美方对俄采取的最新姿态意味着两国外交战的延续,这一事件将为美俄关系蒙上阴影,两国关系短期内难转暖。

【外交战争:斗而不破】

莫斯科大学外籍教授、中国政法大学欧洲研究中心研究员王晓伟认为,美国要求俄方关闭总领馆及外交设施,是两国外交战的延续,美俄在乌克兰、叙利亚等问题上存在结构性矛盾,两国关系很难取得实质性进展。

中国现代国际关系研究院美国问题专家孙成昊说,近期美俄外交报复可能升级,但也必须看到,两国仍彼此留有余地,比如此前俄方要求美使馆削减的人员中有大量俄方雇员,并非驱逐美外交官。“虽然俄方摆脱美方制裁的希望落空,但俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京又不希望两国关系彻底闹僵,因此采取有限外交报复,美方此次也作出相应回击。”

美国政界人士认为,尽管美俄外交存在摩擦,双方关系仍存有缓冲地带。法新社8月31日援引一名不愿透露姓名美国官员的话报道,美国要求俄关闭驻旧金山总领馆不应理解为驱逐俄罗斯外交人员,在旧金山总领馆工作的外交官可转移到其他使领馆工作。

刚刚履职的俄罗斯驻美国大使阿纳托利·安东诺夫表示,俄美两国应冷静审视当前局势。“在面对压力的情况下,俄罗斯和美国才会开展有效合作。双方对话中不应出现一方把意愿强加给另一方的做法。”

【美俄关系:难以回暖】

从2016年底时任美国总统贝拉克·奥巴马下令驱逐35名俄驻美使领馆人员,到现任总统唐纳德·特朗普的“通俄门”传闻,再到特朗普签署对俄制裁新法案,俄方予以反制……美俄近期出现一系列消极互动,两国关系短期内难以回暖。

中国社科院俄欧亚所俄罗斯外交研究室副主任、研究员李勇慧指出,美国国内存在不可逾越的阻碍,深刻影响俄美关系缓和,其中“通俄门”的消极影响不容低估,“这将贯穿特朗普执政时期”。

孙成昊指出,由于新旧问题叠加,美俄关系短期内难以转暖。一方面,美俄两国在国际秩序观、欧洲安全秩序和安排等问题上看法都不同,两国经贸关系薄弱等旧有结构性问题短期内难以解决。另一方面,特朗普执政后,美国国内政治成为左右美俄关系的新变量,并逐渐在其中发挥主导性作用。

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