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如果走在大街上,我肯定认不出他就是大名鼎鼎的贾平凹。中等身材,穿件普通条纹衬衫,肚子凸起,有些谢顶,眼皮略浮肿,看上去就像任何一名普通的中年男人。多年来,贾平凹深居简出,能见到他实属不易。在几天前结束的北京国际书展期间,贾平凹的小说《高兴》出版英文版,并在亚马逊平台上向183个国家的读者同步首发。这是亚马逊第一次为华人作家的作品英文版举办全球性首发活动,贾平凹在中国文坛上的地位不言而喻。正因如此,专访时,《环球时报》记者一直期待从这位大作家口中听到惊世骇俗的大道理,然而,低调亲和、稍显腼腆的他,说的都是家常话。
《高兴》讲的是农民工刘高兴进城打工的故事。“当他们经过城市时,就像风吹过一片树叶一样,谁也不会重视。但正是这批人在中国城市化进程中起到非常大的作用。我希望致敬那些从农村到城市的打工者。”虽然在大城市生活了几十年,贾平凹始终认为自己是“农村的幽灵在城市里哀嚎”。他一直关注那些卑微的小人物的命运。“文学作品的属性就是和社会产生一种摩擦。如果从局部看,可能别人觉得我写批评的东西比较多。这就像,如果你胸前落了一个饭粒,生人看到后不会管你,只有熟人才会跟你说。”仔细一咂摸,他朴实的话里有人生百态,五味俱全,就像他家乡的特产肉夹馍。再配上贯穿始终的《武林外传》里佟掌柜般浓郁的陕西口音,他的话,更有滋味了。
当农民不易,我理解这个阶层
环球时报:您创作《高兴》的初衷是什么?希望反映中国怎样的现实问题?
贾平凹:《高兴》这本书写于10年前,是紧接着另一部长篇小说《秦腔》之后写的。《秦腔》是写在中国发生巨大变化的过程中,中国传统文化衰弱的过程。《秦腔》写到中国一部分农民要离开土地走向城市,《高兴》就写农民到了城市以后的事,可以说《高兴》和《秦腔》是姊妹篇。中国正在走城市化道路,10年前、20年前中国城市在疯狂扩张,纵观世界都没有这么强烈的变化。当时的中国城市处于大拆大建最热的时期,产生了一批捡垃圾的人群,也形成了一个产业。第一批农民工里有一部分人没有技术,只能捡垃圾。当时我在了解这方面情况时,遇见我小时候的同学刘高兴,这才知道他带着儿子在西安捡废品。他们父子俩在工厂外搭了一个棚子,棚子非常小,当时天特别热,根本睡不成觉。他就把凉席铺上水再睡。我看了以后特别感触。如果我当时没有偶然离开农村到城里来,可能我现在就在工厂里看大门。
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