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连发患儿死亡事件 印度医院“病灶”在哪?

2017-09-01 07:01:00   新华网

印度北方邦戈勒布克尔县BRD医院发生入院患儿在较短时间内接连死亡事件。BRD医院院长辛格8月30日说,受急性脑炎暴发等多重因素影响,这家公立医院仅8月份一个月就有至少217名儿童死亡,过去48小时内42名儿童死亡。

这些患儿的死亡原因仍在调查中。分析人士解读,这一事件再次暴露出印度公立医疗系统投入严重不足的困境,以及社会底层民众难享完善社会福利保障的弊病。

曾获诺贝尔经济学奖的印度经济学家阿马蒂亚·森和印度学者让·德雷兹合著的《不确定的荣耀》一书曾集中谈到这个问题。书中提及,印度的经济增速亮眼,但普通百姓的生活受益并不多,不少民生问题亟待解决。社会发展两极化,存在种种不平等现象,媒体也被精英阶层垄断,看不到底层百姓的利益。

中国社会科学院亚太与全球战略研究院副研究员刘小雪说:“刚进入21世纪时,印度公共医疗卫生支出仅占国内生产总值(GDP)的1.2%左右,相比之下,邻国孟加拉国虽然人均收入只有印度一半,但人均寿命更高,儿童死亡率更低。”

“除了得到国际组织帮助外,孟加拉国政府更重视公共医疗卫生投入的政策倾向是一个重要原因,”这名印度问题专家说。

“印度农村普遍存在医疗资源不足现象,涉事医院所处的北方邦本身就是经济比较落后的地区,联邦政府不重视,地方政府也拿不出钱来,”她说,“而且,印度现在还有一个倾向,那就是由于媒体被精英垄断,舆论更鼓吹大力发展私立医院,以补充公立医疗资源的不足。印度政府的政策也在朝这个方向发展。但很多经济学家都认为,基础医疗卫生投入不应过于依赖私人资本,还是要更多依靠政府加大投入。”

中国国际问题研究院南亚问题专家李青燕认为,医院患儿连续死亡的事情发生在印度并不稀奇。印度社会精英阶层与普通民众的分化相当鲜明,加上种姓制度制约,社会底层和低种姓民众很难享受到包括良好医疗条件在内的完善社会福利保障。

“尽管印度现政府上台后承诺为穷人谋福利,推出‘清洁印度’和养老金计划等社会福利性政策,但这些服务于普通民众的医疗、教育等新政很难在短期内见到效果,”李青燕说,“即便产生效果,传导到底层社会也需要较长时间。”(闫洁 沈敏)(新华社专特稿)

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