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在古巴,这种“疯狂植物”终于变废为宝!

2017-08-30 07:05:53   新华网

在横贯古巴长达1200公里的公路沿线,常常能看到一种被当地人称作“麻拉布”的一望无际的野生灌木。这种来自非洲用于观赏的灌木,由于没有天敌,遇有空地便会漫山遍野地疯长,过去几十年更是入侵了近200万公顷闲置农田。而今,由古巴、中国和英国三方合资的生物燃料发电厂让“麻拉布”有了利用价值。

  【开发生物能源】

合资发电厂的前身是一家英国公司,后来中国上海电气投资有限公司投资并成为外方控股方。根据古、中、英三方协议,这家公司将在古巴建造5个生物燃料发电厂,首家工厂投资近1.86亿美元,由上海电气提供设备并负责建造,已于今年4月在中部谢戈德阿维拉省的西罗雷东多奠基。工厂1-5月榨糖季利用糖厂的甘蔗渣发电,6-12月利用“麻拉布”树枝制造生物燃料继续发电。麻拉布是一种高密度、湿度很低的硬木,用于燃烧非常理想。

糖业曾是古巴产业之王,上世纪90年代初苏联解体、东欧社会主义阵营发生巨变后,古巴糖业遭受极大冲击,糖厂由原来的156家骤降到56家,糖厂周围的甘蔗地撂荒后很快被“麻拉布”侵占。

合资发电厂的首席财务官、上海电气投资有限公司高级投资经理陈峥悦说:“我们选古巴糖业作为合作伙伴,能保证每个糖厂附近有大量‘麻拉布’灌木资源。从商业角度上看也很合理。”电厂副总经理卡门·托沃阿达说,发电厂通过使用疯长的“麻拉布”发电,不仅能解决能源问题,新厂能促进地方多元化就业。

苏联解体后,古巴能源体系一度严重依赖委内瑞拉原油,但2014年委内瑞拉经济危机导致对古原油供应骤减,迫使古巴政府调整能源结构,寻找其他可替代能源以解燃眉之急。

从能源安全上看,使用“麻拉布”这样的清洁能源可减少这个加勒比岛国对进口石油的依赖。古巴设定的目标是到2030年全国利用可再生能源的发电量占总发电量的比例由目前的4%增加到24%,届时古巴能源自供能力将大幅提高。

  【带动古巴产业多样化】

古巴糖业公司负责蔗糖及其衍生品的生产和糖业领域的发电,公司负责对外财务的主任卡米洛·埃尔南德斯说,古巴糖业的一个发展目标是保证蔗糖生产采用可循环能源,现在古巴糖业有56个使用可循环能源的投资项目,每个项目相对应的是一个临近运营中的糖厂,其中25个涉及使用生物发电的工厂。

古巴糖业公司的数据显示,目前甘蔗残料发电在古巴所有可循环能源发电中所占份额最大。一旦项目成行,仅首都哈瓦那每年就将节省近96万吨燃料,同时减少365万吨二氧化碳的排放,这一产业已经对农业生产的多样化产生重要影响。

上海电气公司有60年的电力建设经验,公司执行董事秦怿在首家合资工厂奠基仪式上说:“古巴的特殊地理环境和自然状态,对发展可再生能源是非常大的机会。古巴电力匮乏,利用生物直燃进行发电既环保也对古巴经济发展是极大的推动,此外,还能为这个小镇提供更多就业和发展的可能。”

根据估算,合资公司5个发电厂全部完工后,发电总量将达到300兆瓦,相当于古巴基础电量的10%,这对古巴来说是一个不小的贡献。(马桂花)(新华社专特稿)

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