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美国海军频繁撞船背后:是“自大”还是“入不敷出”

2017-08-26 08:00:55   中国青年网

当地时间2017年8月24日,新加坡大士海军基地,新加坡海军“勇气”号舰船离开基地,参与“麦凯恩”号导弹驱逐舰失踪船员搜寻工作。东方IC图

距美国“麦凯恩”号驱逐舰在马六甲海峡与油轮相撞事故已经过去四天,搜救行动仍在继续,调查、追责以及各种技术讨论都在同步展开。

拥有世界最强海军的美国近来接二连三出现此类“不可思议”的撞船事件,其带来了哪些教训和反思呢?

曾在海军一线部队服役多年的海军专家王云飞告诉澎湃新闻,经验教训主要有两点:一是战略层面上目标和能力要一致,不能让部队超负荷运转;二是战术层面上应提高官兵的综合素质,遵守海上航行的规则。

江苏海运集团安全主管黄小兵认为,综合各方面信息,这次碰撞事故应该是美国军舰的责任更大。“根据航海经验,军舰或快速舰船通常会依仗自身机动性的优势抢航线,这种抢航线的动作存在一些风险。”

来自美国海军界内部的反思同样犀利和猛烈。美国海军退役舰长、曾担任过“宙斯盾”巡洋舰指挥官的凯文·艾尔(Kevin Eyer)在美国海军研究所网站上直言不讳地指出,美国军舰连遇类似灾难,这种模式的背后肯定有着某些根本性原因,即训练严重不足,舰艇维护没跟上,舰艇执行任务的周期完全被破坏。

商船行驶航线未见异常

根据美国太平洋第七舰队提供的信息,事发时间是21日凌晨5点24分,当天新加坡的日出时间大约在7点03分,事发时天色还比较暗。事发地点是在新加坡和马来西亚之间的争议岛礁“白礁”(Pedra Branca)20多公里处,“麦凯恩”号驱逐舰与利比里亚籍Alnic MC油轮相撞,油轮的球鼻艏深深插入麦凯恩号左舷四分之三舰体水线处。

7个月来,美国军舰在西太平洋已经发生了三起严重的撞船事故。“菲兹杰拉德”号驱逐舰撞船事故不久前已经查明,美国海军调查报告显示,军舰官兵疏忽大意,犯下严重错误,撞船事故原本可以避免。这一调查结果对于“麦凯恩”号驱逐舰的事故原因调查也有重要的参考价值。

江苏海运集团安全主管黄小兵分析认为,正规海运公司的民用船舶在出发之前都会规划好航线,在航行过程中都会以固定的航速和航线向目的地行驶。

按照国际惯例,为了保证海上航行的安全,国际航行船舶均会装备“船舶自动识别系统”(AIS),这种系统配合全球定位系统(GPS)将船速、航向等船舶动态,结合船名、呼号、吃水及危险货物等船舶静态资料,由甚高频(VHF)向附近水域船舶及岸台广播。

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