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还原过去!计算机模型模拟小行星撞地球后景象

2017-08-23 06:57:47   新华网

美国全国大气研究中心利用计算机模型模拟了地球在6600万年前被一颗大型小行星撞击后发生的一系列变化。

模型显示,撞击引发全球野火,产生的烟尘在光热作用下越飘越高,进入大气层,最后形成一层阻隔大部分阳光到达地表的屏障,使得地球整天变得像只有月光的夜晚,使植物无法进行光合作用。

这样的黑暗可能持续了超过一年半,对海洋中的浮游植物影响最大,因为陆地上的许多植物已经在大火中毁灭。由于浮游植物是海洋食物链中的重要一环,海洋浮游植物大量死去带来连锁反应,最终导致许多其他海洋生物灭绝。

由于阳光无法到达地表,地表平均温度骤降,陆地上温度降低了28摄氏度,海洋上温度降低了11摄氏度。

在地表温度下降的同时,平流层的大气温度由于那里的烟尘吸收了太阳光热而上升,导致臭氧被破坏,大量水蒸气在较高处的大气层积聚。这些水蒸气在平流层中发生的化学反应使臭氧受到更多破坏。由于臭氧被破坏,地表烟尘散去后,破坏性数量的紫外线到达地表。

积聚在较高处大气层中的大量水分使阻隔阳光的烟尘盘桓地表数年后突然瓦解。平流层中的烟尘也开始散去,使那里的空气开始冷却。这样的冷却使水蒸气凝结成冰粒,从大气层中洗去更多烟尘。所有烟尘在几个月时间内就消失了。

此次研究的论文21日发表在美国《国家科学院学报》月刊。(欧飒)【新华社微特稿】

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