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新闻分析:美国副总统彭斯出访拉美四国凸显美拉分歧

2017-08-20 12:21:25   新华网

新华社墨西哥城8月19日电 新闻分析:美国副总统彭斯出访拉美四国凸显美拉分歧

新华社记者崔元磊 裴剑容

美国副总统彭斯日前对哥伦比亚、阿根廷、智利和巴拿马四国进行访问。分析人士认为,彭斯此访试图获得拉美国家支持以进一步孤立委内瑞拉政府的意图未能实现,加之双方在贸易等问题上的矛盾,美拉在特朗普上台后的分歧逐渐凸显。

本月11日,就在彭斯出访前夕,美国总统特朗普宣称,不排除对委内瑞拉采取军事行动的可能。这一表态遭拉美各国反对,哥伦比亚、阿根廷和智利三国领导人更是明确反对使用军事手段解决委内瑞拉问题。

在新华社世界问题研究中心研究员沈安看来,拉美国家反对美国对委内瑞拉军事行动的声音如此一致,是因为特朗普这一表态触碰了拉美国家对美关系的底线,就连委反对派在沉默两天后,也发表声明拒绝美国对委军事干涉。

美国一直视拉美为其“后院”,历史上通过军事、经济、外交等手段干涉拉美国家的事例比比皆是。

总部设在华盛顿的著名智库“美洲对话”主席迈克尔·希夫特指出,拉美国家历史上深受美国干涉之苦,特朗普此番提出对委军事威胁遭拉美国家一致反对也是意料之中,这无疑加大了美拉间的裂痕。

面对拉美国家的一致反对,彭斯不得不在访问期间表示,美国在应对委内瑞拉局势问题上仍有众多选择,“美方有信心能与拉美地区盟友共同努力和平解决委内瑞拉面临的危机”。

阿根廷拉美问题专家奥斯卡·拉沃尔德指出,彭斯此次出访拉美四国,双方在经贸合作上并无更多亮点,此访最主要目的,就是继续孤立委内瑞拉政府,压缩其国际空间。

“委内瑞拉制宪大会已开始平稳运作,抗议人群少了,反对派也开始接受并准备10月举行的地方选举,恰恰在此时,彭斯到拉美给各国施压,他的目的众人皆知。”拉沃尔德说。

美拉分歧,不仅仅表现在委内瑞拉问题上。此前,特朗普坚持要求修建美墨边境墙并要求墨方支付费用,重新收紧对古巴政策,这一系列事件都表明在特朗普上台后美拉关系在发生变化。

阿根廷迪特利亚大学国际关系学教授托卡特利安说,特朗普目前对拉美国家奉行“大棒”政策,对墨西哥、委内瑞拉展现其强硬态度,而这将加速拉美国家与美国关系“渐行渐远”。

彭斯在此访期间表示,特朗普的贸易保护主义言论和“美国优先”理念并不意味着只考虑美国本身,美国和拉美国家的利益“相互交织”。

彭斯这些表态并未完全打消拉美国家的担忧。

拉美国家目前更加看重的,是通过拓展对外经贸关系、摆脱经济负增长,减少对美国的依赖。正在与美国、加拿大进行北美自由贸易协定重新谈判的墨西哥,已开始把目光转向欧洲、南美、亚洲等地区,以拓宽贸易领域、优化贸易结构。

智利国际关系评论员劳尔·佐尔表示,特朗普的贸易保护主义言论和“美国优先”理念给美拉经贸关系带来了不确定性,影响了双方政治关系的发展,从而进一步加剧美拉分歧。

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