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新华社旧金山8月18日电(记者 马丹) 人体内有一种叫Klotho的蛋白质,过去有研究表明它可以延长寿命,而美国的一项最新研究发现,注射Klotho蛋白片段还能迅速提高小鼠的认知和运动能力。
Klotho在肾脏和大脑中天然产生,以激素形式在体内循环,随着衰老而减少。之前的研究显示,体内Klotho水平增高与认知改善有关联。不过,这些研究的实验对象是经过基因改造、能持续产生高水平Klotho的小鼠,或是携带基因变异、体内终身含有高水平Klotho的人。研究人员并不清楚,能否把Klotho作为药物注射,并起到治疗作用。
美国加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校研究人员最近在美国《细胞报告》杂志上报告说,无论是幼龄、老龄还是有生理损伤的小鼠,被注射了Klotho蛋白片段后,其空间学习、记忆等一系列认知能力都有所提高。
研究人员发现,给幼龄鼠注射一次该蛋白片段,就能产生持久的认知提升效果;对于18个月大、相当于人类65岁的老龄鼠,一次注射能明显改善它们绕行障碍物和学习新任务的能力。
研究人员还对经过基因改造后产生α-突触核蛋白的小鼠进行了实验。α-突触核蛋白被认为是帕金森病的重要特征,并可导致阿尔兹海默病。普通组小鼠在接受Klotho注射治疗后运动功能有改善,学习能力提高,与未被注射Klotho的对照组小鼠相比更愿意探索新空间,即便普通组小鼠大脑中仍含有有毒性的α-突触核蛋白。
虽然研究人员尚未能解释,注射到小鼠体内的Klotho如何改变大脑功能、改善认知的机理,但他们指出,新发现有助于了解身体和大脑之间微妙的连接。
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