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严重恐袭频发 欧洲安全怎么办

2017-08-18 11:12:16   新华网

新华社北京8月18日电 题:严重恐袭频发 欧洲安全怎么办

新华社记者

西班牙巴塞罗那市所在的加泰罗尼亚自治区政府17日晚确认,巴塞罗那市当天发生一起货车撞人恐怖袭击事件,现已造成13人丧生、上百人受伤,其中15人重伤。

近年来,类似袭击在欧洲多地频繁发生,造成严重伤亡,引发人们对袭击背后原因和应对举措的思考。欧洲多国反恐和安全专家指出,此类恐怖袭击频发既受外部因素影响,也有其内生原因,防控此类袭击,需从多方面入手加强努力。

内外因促袭击频发

专家指出,车撞人式袭击增多,既涉及中东地区反恐形势、恐怖主义和极端思想对欧洲的渗透,也与欧洲国家内部问题的积累有关。

法国前情报官员、反恐专家克洛德·莫尼凯认为,恐怖组织在欧洲发动大规模袭击的能力越来越弱,在各国加大打击极端组织“伊斯兰国”力度的背景下,个体或小团体恐怖行动猛增,这与“伊斯兰国”在叙利亚和伊拉克的节节退败有很大关系。

“在成建制的力量被打散后,这些组织被迫分散发展,呈现‘细胞化’态势。面对陷入困境的‘伊斯兰国’,欧洲一些对其持同情态度的极端分子开始活跃,或为报复相关国家,或为声东击西,企图减缓‘伊斯兰国’的压力。”莫尼凯说。

法国恐怖主义分析中心主任让-夏尔·布里萨尔也指出,“伊斯兰国”在军事上的溃败并不意味着恐怖主义威胁的消失。“哪怕在军事上消灭了‘伊斯兰国’现在的组织形态,这个组织仍会潜伏下去,或是转变成其他形态而继续存在”。

值得注意的现象是,尽管恐袭实施者可能事实上并不是极端组织“伊斯兰国”的成员,但是“伊斯兰国”还是“认领”了这些袭击,由此产生的一个恶果是,制造并蔓延“恐惧症”,恶化穆斯林与非穆斯林之间的关系。

调查发现,与早期袭击者多由恐怖组织派出不同,如今越来越多的欧洲本土民众成为恐怖活动嫌疑人。他们当中有人曾赴伊拉克和叙利亚参加“圣战”,有人虽然和恐怖组织没有直接联系,但是通过互联网等途径受到极端思想的“洗脑”。

据欧洲国家安全部门掌握的情况,目前,欧洲几个大国都有数量不等的公民前往叙利亚、伊拉克等地,接受极端组织训练并为其作战,其中一些人已返回欧洲,散落于社会,安全部门很难掌握他们的全部行踪。严重的安全隐患也便由此埋下。

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