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专家:美国白人社区痛苦的真正原因是什么?

2017-08-17 13:58:09   新华网

英国金融时报网17日发表清华大学国家战略研究院研究员寿慧生撰写的题为《美国白人社区痛苦的真正原因是什么?》的文章。文章说,研究显示,因为凶杀、吸毒、健康恶化等原因,那些白人主导的支持共和党的地区,对白人的安全尤其不利。

最近发生在美国弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨威尔市的暴力冲突,吸引了全世界的目光。美国总统特朗普任期内美国族群关系会如何发展,也备受关注。

在去年的美国大选期间,移民和外国人,特别是有色人种,是特朗普最热衷攻击的目标。在就职典礼上,他的就职演说辞中最令人印象深刻的部分宣称,美国中心城市正在遭受前所未有的犯罪肆虐,正在遭受一场“屠杀”。特朗普上任后,他的一个持续的目标是打击国内非法移民,并限制移民入境。他认为移民增加犯罪率,让美国社区处在凶杀、枪杀、吸毒的威胁当中。除了限制移民,他的一项重要政策是削减对某些城市的联邦资助,以迫使这些城市放弃他们的维护移民政策。

但最近的一项研究却显示,美国白人最应该恐惧的恰恰是白人群体本身。犯罪学专家麦克·梅勒斯在对美国疾病控制中心的数据进行分析后发现,白人,尤其是那些居住在白人为主的社区的白人,比其他有色人种更容易受到凶杀、枪杀、吸毒致死等问题的影响。而在那些90%以上居民为白人、同时又支持特朗普的社区,这些指数都是最高的。这些社区的分布并不局限于某一个地区,而是散落在不同州,例如西弗吉尼亚州、犹他州、阿肯色州、俄亥俄州的某些特定郡县(本文是俄亥俄州沃伦市)。

相比而言,那些最少受这些死亡威胁的白人,通常住在多族群的社区,例如洛杉矶、纽约、芝加哥等。这些社区通常有以下一些特征:有至少三分之二居民是非白人;有大量移民生活在其中;选民在2016年投票给希拉里。同样,在这些社区,移民群体的安全性也相对较好,尽管存在地域差异。

这些数据还显示,白人死于吸毒的比例是死于凶杀的八倍,反映出海洛因和鸦片类药物在这些社区的泛滥。根据美国联邦调查局一项对2015年白人被谋杀的调查数据,这些白人死于其他白人之手的概率,是死于非白人之手的五倍(尽管非白人的同类数据可能因为各种原因,例如对凶手的信息缺失等,而被低估)。

总体而言,那些生活在由白人主导并支持特朗普的郡县的白人死于凶杀、枪杀、吸毒的比例,比生活在族群多元化、支持民主党的社区的白人的死亡率要高出整整50%。也就是说,那些白人主导的、支持共和党的地区,对白人的安全尤其不利。

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