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新华社华盛顿8月14日电(记者林小春)美国研究人员在14日发表的一项新研究中说,寨卡病毒对成年人的影响不仅仅是格林巴利综合征,而是会引起更多神经系统并发症。
来自美国纽约大学等机构的研究人员对巴西里约热内卢一家医院的40名患者跟踪分析了5个月,其中35人确认感染寨卡病毒。在这些寨卡患者中,有27人患有格林巴利综合征,5人患有脑炎,2人有横贯性脊髓炎,1人有慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病变。
研究人员发现,与寨卡疫情暴发前相比,格林巴利综合征和脑炎的发病率在巴西有所增加。他们在《美国医学会杂志·神经病学卷》上报告说:“在这一来自巴西单一中心的病人组中,寨卡病毒感染与多种不同的严重神经系统综合征发生率增加相关。”
该期刊配发的一篇评论文章写道,格林巴利综合征是寨卡疫情中发现的第一个非怀孕相关主要神经系统综合征,而最新研究帮助确认寨卡与更多的神经系统综合征有关联。
格林巴利综合征是一种神经系统自身免疫性疾病,可由多种病毒引起,主要症状为四肢软瘫,严重时可因呼吸麻痹而死亡。
2015年以来,寨卡病毒在巴西等美洲国家持续传播,主要传播方式是蚊虫叮咬,人感染寨卡病毒后可能出现发热、皮疹、关节痛等类似登革热的症状,但绝大多数感染者症状温和。
人们对寨卡的主要担忧是,孕妇感染后可能导致出现新生儿小头症等出生缺陷。虽然成年感染者有可能出现格林巴利综合征等问题,不过总体风险仍然较低。
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