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“8·15”美国老兵回忆:“二战的胜利拯救了我的生命”

2017-08-15 11:34:02   新华网

    “二战的胜利拯救了我的生命”

91岁的迪克·惠特克永远不会忘记19岁生日那一天。

那是1945年3月13日,他跟随美国海军陆战队第6师从位于太平洋西南部的瓜达尔卡纳尔岛起航,前往冲绳。4月1日,部队在冲绳登陆,二战期间美日在太平洋岛屿作战中规模最大、时间最长的战役——冲绳战役拉开帷幕。

这场战役历时82天,美军付出伤亡约7万人、损伤近400艘舰船和760余架飞机的沉重代价,最终取得胜利。惠特克告诉新华社记者,他所在的团有82%的战友受伤或失去生命。

“我的任务是打赢战争,击败日本,并希望健全地活下来。”这是惠特克1944年中学毕业参军时的愿望。

1941年12月7日,日本偷袭珍珠港,次日,美国正式对日宣战。之后两年,惠特克的几名好友在中学毕业后都选择了应征入伍。从那时起,“我开始思索在军队服役的可能性,”老人回忆说。

1945年8月15日,惠特克在关岛得到了日本宣布投降的消息。

“我当时正在接受训练,准备11月进攻日本本土。战役如果如期进行的话,我很可能不会活着回来了。二战的胜利拯救了我的生命,也合理地为珍珠港报了一箭之仇。”

“同日军奋战82天后,我开始为日军士兵感到惋惜,”惠特克说,“他们受到上级的虐待,忍饥挨饿,而且是为一场注定失败的战争而冲锋陷阵。他们甚至被指令在战败后自杀。这和他们原先设想的应该不一样吧!”

冲绳战役,日军死亡9万人,被俘7400人,岛上居民死亡约10万人。二战结束后,惠特克所在的部队被派驻青岛6个月,遣返华北日军战俘。

“青岛是个很美丽的城市。我从未忘记在那里受到的友好对待。中国人是一个值得尊敬的民族。”翻阅完展现青岛近年变化的画册,惠特克深情地说。

“被遣返的日本战俘深知我们不喜欢他们,”惠特克说,“在战争中很凶残的他们此时极为温顺,甚至几乎没有人敢跟我们有目光接触。”

1946年5月底的一个清晨,惠特克回到家乡——纽约州哈德逊河畔的索格蒂斯。小镇上人人相互认识,远道而归的惠特克在父母陪同下参加了当天上午11时开始的阵亡将士纪念日游行,受到了英雄般的礼遇。“我的手被握了一百来次。”

退休后,惠特克生活在南卡罗来纳州,在冲绳战役老将“约克城”号航空母舰改建的博物馆担任志愿者,还在学校、养老院开设讲座,分享二战故事。

去年,根据冲绳战役中真人真事改编摄制的美国电影《血战钢锯岭》上映,在中美两国观众中引起强烈反响。几名幸存的战友观看后推荐惠特克也去看。

“我尚未观看这部电影,但这是我人生必须完成的愿望之一,”老人说。

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