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德前外长斥大国搞乱中东:IS覆灭后下场战争并不遥远

2017-08-14 12:51:45   中国网

西班牙《国家报》网站8月2日发表德国前副总理兼外长约施卡·菲舍尔的文章《下一场中东战争》称,随着伊拉克北部重镇摩苏尔被收复,“伊斯兰国”可能很快就将成为历史。但是,“伊斯兰国”的失败和横跨叙利亚、伊拉克的“哈里发国”的消失,并不能给中东地区带来和平,也无法结束叙利亚的悲剧。最有可能出现的局面是,中东地区掀开一个流血和混乱的历史新篇章。新的危险不会小于奥斯曼帝国在一战结束时崩塌以来中东发生的历次冲突。

暴力冲突的继续似乎是毫无疑问的事情,因为中东地区依然没有能力解决地区内部的冲突,也没有能力创建实现和平的有效合作框架。中东局势依然停滞在19世纪至20世纪之间的某个水平上。

西方大国对中东经历的苦难负有不可推卸的责任。英国和法国在第一次世界大战结束时已经参与了对中东地区的瓜分。它们在1916年签署的秘密协议《赛克斯-皮科协定》中已经划分了奥斯曼帝国衰落后留下的利益范围。时至今日,该协定仍然能在阿拉伯世界中引发巨大的愤怒,仿佛这种屈辱就发生在昨天。

另外,我们也不该忘记沙皇俄国在中东地区曾经扮演的角色。二战结束后,沙皇俄国的“继承者”苏联和它的冷战对手美国都曾对中东实施过多次干预。事实上,在插手中东事务并导致今天的混乱局势方面,任何一个国家都不能与美国的所作所为相提并论。最初,美国对中东的兴趣源于对石油资源的需求,但随着冷战的爆发,经济利益上的兴趣很快让位于防止中东出现反西方、亲苏联政权的战略诉求。美国在寻求扩大在中东影响力的同时,还与以色列建立了密切的防务合作关系,并最终发动了2次针对伊拉克萨达姆政权的海湾战争。与此同时,美国对阿富汗的干预也对中东局势的发展产生了深远影响。

在“伊斯兰国”被消灭之后,中东历史的新篇章将由逊尼派的沙特与什叶派的伊朗之间的公开、直接对抗来决定。这两个国家将为争夺中东地区的主导地位展开激烈较量。截至目前,这一潜在冲突始终通过代理人战争的方式进行。美国和俄罗斯这两大强国已经在中东明确选边:美国支持沙特,俄罗斯支持伊朗。

这一切都为下一场中东战争埋下了伏笔。只要有合适的导火索,下一场可怕的冲突或许离我们并不遥远。(编译/田策)

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