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“英国版秋菊打官司”:她告赢了英国政府!

2017-08-13 17:52:05   中国青年网

她为什么要告英国政府

米勒曾当众解释自己为何非要和政府打一场确保“程序正确”的官司——一个在“脱欧”进程中不受挑战、不受制约的政府将损害英国的民主架构,并“把英国带回1610年”。

1610年,英国王权达到顶峰。英王詹姆士一世在那一年放言:“国王是法律的创立者,而非法律创造国王,国王在世上可任意行使神圣的权力。”

英国政府——官方名为“女王陛下的政府”——与人民投票选举产生的议会在“脱欧”主导权问题上的这次交锋实质是大不列颠几百年来王权和议会权力争斗的延续。

从1215年颁布的《大宪章》确定“王在法下”原则,到1628年议会向国王提出《权利请愿书》规定未经议会同意不得强迫纳税,再到1689年《权利法案》规定国王无权废除法律、议会有独立的运作权力,从某个角度看,英国历史、特别是近代史其实就是一部限制王权的历史。

现在,英国的君主权力已经转为议会权力,遗留给君主的只是权力的点缀物而已,保留的“皇家特权”在适用范围与条件上也有很大限制。用19世纪的英国法学家白芝浩的话说,君主在立宪制度下只保留有三项权力——商议、鼓励与警告。

英国人认为“人性恶”,必须用权力制约的方式避免出现“制度恶”。例如,议会对政府的权力制约无法让“脱欧”进程走得快,但能让它走得稳,不至于犯颠覆性的错误。

限制王权、议会至上、权力制约、防范独大——这是英国宪政民主的内核,也是米勒眼中不可触碰的红线。用她的话说,一旦政府可以越过议会、擅自启动“脱欧”成为事实,它也将成为影响无成文宪法英国的重要法律案例,此后“任何首相都将能绕过议会、剥夺人民的权利”。

米勒选择和政府打一场官司,这与她的家庭与职业都有密切关系:她的父亲曾是圭亚那的总检察长,米勒从小就常去法院看父亲出庭,熟知程序正义的重要性。(资料图/图)

地地道道的狠角色

米勒选择和政府打一场官司,这与她的家庭与职业都有密切关系:她的父亲曾是圭亚那的总检察长,米勒从小就常去法院看父亲出庭,熟知程序正义的重要性。米勒在英国读书时,既要忍受和父母分别的痛苦,又要完成学业、做家务,还曾遭遇校园霸凌和种族歧视,这些经历都塑造了她的坚强与疾恶如仇。米勒后来有过两次失败的婚姻,和现在的丈夫共同创办一家投资公司,是一名女经理人。

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