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“英国版秋菊打官司”:她告赢了英国政府!

2017-08-13 17:52:05   中国青年网

英国伦敦,民众聚集议会大楼,组织反脱欧游行。(视觉中国/图)

米勒自掏腰包将政府告上法庭。事实上,在英国公投决定“脱欧”后一个多月内,就有包括米勒和西班牙裔发型师桑托斯在内的数名英国人向高等法院状告政府要在未经议会授权的情况下启动“脱欧”不合法。当这场“脱欧程序案”被提交给英国高等法院审判时,最终以“米勒-桑托斯诉‘脱欧’事务大臣案”的名字被载入法律史。

这是一个“英国秋菊打官司”的故事,原告是女经理人吉娜·米勒,被告是英国政府,要的那个“说法”是究竟政府和议会谁有权启动“脱欧”。

一年前这场“民告官”的官司开始时,英国刚刚在全民公投中以微弱优势选择退出欧盟,英镑暴跌、苏格兰与北爱尔兰威胁“脱英”独立、执政党内“脱欧”与“留欧”两派争斗不休,巨大的不确定性笼罩英国。和其他48%选择“留欧”的英国人一样,从英属圭那亚移民到英国、在伦敦工作的米勒震惊、失望。

接着,英国政府坚持,触发“脱欧”条款、正式开启“脱欧”进程无需议会授权,可由政府首脑即首相决定。理由有二:首先,英国选择“脱欧”的公投结果已充分体现了国民意志,启动“脱欧”不需要由议会按照代议制精神再次批准;第二,首相手握英国皇室历史上给予的“皇家特权”,在包括启动“脱欧”这样的外交事务上无需由议会批准,即可自行决定。

但一些议员认为,启动“脱欧”这样重大的政治议题远不止是外交事务,一旦英国开始退出欧盟,将面临一系列法律变更,从作为欧盟成员国、使用欧盟法律转变为使用英国自身的法律,而“皇家特权”不能在涉及法律变更的领域使用,因为只有议会是英国唯一的法律制定者和废除者。

在米勒看来,政府要越过议会启动“脱欧”,是程序错误,涉嫌违宪。她说自己真切地感受到人民的挫败感,“这不仅是我个人的选择,也是人民的选择”。

米勒决定做一个挑战者,她自掏腰包将政府告上法庭、用法律修正她眼中的程序错误。事实上,在英国公投决定“脱欧”后一个多月内,就有包括米勒和西班牙裔发型师桑托斯在内的数名英国人向高等法院状告政府要在未经议会授权的情况下启动“脱欧”不合法。当这场“脱欧程序案”被提交给英国高等法院审判时,最终以“米勒-桑托斯诉‘脱欧’事务大臣案”的名字被载入法律史。

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