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中国汽车产业发展离不开“全球化”

2017-08-09 09:12:40   中国经济网

随着中国国内小排量汽车购置税优惠政策的出台,2016年中国汽车市场增长重回双位数,生产与销售额以2800万辆的增幅带动了14%的同比增长。然而,德勤却在其近期发布的《2017汽车产业对外投资报告》中指出,中国汽车行业的持续繁荣增长不能仅依赖政府政策的推动,长远而言,中国汽车企业必须加快自身的全球化布局,提升在海外市场的竞争力,才能实现产业的持久繁荣。

投资规模有下滑

报告指出,2016年全年,中国汽车和零部件企业对外投资数量创下近四年新高,全年对外投资项目合计69宗,投资总额达62亿美元,可投资规模方面却比2015年大幅度下滑:2015年对外投资交易总额超过120亿美元,是2016年的近两倍。其中,海外并购交易放缓尤为明显,全年交易数量仅有18宗,涉及金额约30亿美元,交易规模创至三年新低。

报告分析,导致中国汽车企业放慢“走出去”步伐的原因有三:一是中国国有汽车企业,尤其是一些大型零部件上市公司,因利润萎缩和经营效益变差而选择放缓其海外并购步伐;二是中国政府加强对企业跨境投资审批和资金外流的管控,一定程度上影响了企业海外投资的信心;三是东道国以市场准入条件不对称等理由逐渐加大对外资收购方的审查力度。

投资结构在优化

不过,报告也指出,在关注2016年中国汽车企业投资规模下降的同时,也应中国汽车企业对外投资仍显现出的一些积极因素和改变。

虽然2016年中国汽车企业海外并购交易规模下滑,但中国汽车企业的平均交易规模则比2015年有所增长,半数交易的投资额超过一亿美元。报告分析,这是由于多数标的企业来自于前瞻性技术领域,且企业营收和利润增长强劲,溢价率较高。

比如绿地投资升温明显。报告指出,2016年中国汽车产业对外绿地投资交易数量51宗,交易总额31.75亿美元,均超过海外并购项目。美国仍为最热门绿地投资目标国,仅2016年就有12起绿地投资。

德勤中国汽车行业税务咨询领导合伙人肖天晶解释称:“在传统的制造业与IT/互联网产业相互融合的大环境下,汽车行业在科技方面的需求也在不断提高。对于整车企业绿地投资来说,除了投资建设生产基地外,成立研发中心和搭建本地营销渠道也成为2016年上升最快的投资项目。这表明中国企业海外投资已逐步进入新阶段,从本土组装向更深层次的技术合作和技术转移等方向延伸。”

从投资目的地看,报告显示,西欧和北美仍是中国整车和零部件厂商海外并购最为活跃的地区,尤其是美国和德国,中国汽车企业在两国开展的并购项目占总交易量的60%,占总交易金额的90%。美德市场的并购交易均集中在电动车核心零部件、车联网和自动驾驶等趋势性技术方面。

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