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美国正式向联合国递交文书退出《巴黎协定》

2017-08-06 10:05:03   新华网

美国国务院4日证实,当天向联合国方面递交了文书,正式表达退出《巴黎协定》的意愿。

只不过,按规定,美方正式退出这一协定最早也得等到2020年11月。美国国务院称,在退出过程中,美方还将继续参加联合国有关气候变化的会议;如果《巴黎协定》的条款能对美方更有利,不排除美方重新回这一协定的可能性。

【正式通知】

6月1日,美国总统唐纳德·特朗普宣布美国退出《巴黎协定》,称《巴黎协定》给美国带来“苛刻财政和经济负担”。

两个多月后,美国国务院向联合国递交表达这一意愿的正式文书。

2015年12月,《联合国气候变化框架公约》近200个缔约方在巴黎气候变化大会上达成《巴黎协定》。2016年11月4日,《巴黎协定》正式生效。

根据规定,美国政府必须在该协定生效三年后才能正式开始退出程序,而退出过程需要一年。换句话说,美国最早要等到2020年11月4日才能退出。

退出《巴黎协定》是特朗普的竞选承诺之一。按现有日程表,2020年11月4日是美国总统选举投票日的次日。那时,特朗普的本届总统任期只剩下两个月。

【留有退路】

美国国务院4日在一份声明中说,特朗普对重回《巴黎协定》持开放态度,前提是“美方认定其条款对美国及其贸易、员工、民众和纳税人更有利”。

对此,联合国发言人斯特凡纳·迪雅里克4日说,联合国秘书长收到了美国常驻联合国代表递交的文书。迪雅里克没有提及美方所谓的“更有利条款”,但强调“联合国秘书长对美方重回《巴黎协定》的所有努力表示欢迎”。

美国国务院的声明还指出,尽管有意退出协定,美国将继续参加各项国际气候变化磋商和会议。

美国非营利组织世界资源研究所主席安德鲁·斯蒂尔对美方这种“欲去还留”的态度提出质疑:“美方或许可以在透明度这类话题上积极参与谈判。但作为致力于退出《巴黎协定》的一员,美方如果只想削弱该协定,其声音不会被其他各方所倾听。”

【重设目标?】

根据《巴黎协定》,各国是以“国家自主贡献”方式参与全球应对气候变化行动。

美联社分析,正因如此,特朗普政府虽不能即刻实现退出《巴黎协定》的目标,也无法独自更改协定文本,但可以更改贝拉克·奥巴马政府所设减排目标。

美国是温室气体排放大国。奥巴马政府曾在《巴黎协定》框架内作出减排承诺,到2025年在2005年的基础上减少26%至28%的温室气体排放。

特朗普已经多次对“奥氏气候政策”“动刀”,包括致力于推迟并推翻前任政府限制温室气体排放的环保政策,承诺复苏长期低迷的美国煤炭业;他还要求评估修改奥巴马政府制定的旨在减少发电厂碳排放的《清洁电力计划》;特朗普政府还提议停止向一些联合国应对气候变化项目拨款,并大幅削减美国环保局的预算。(杜鹃 新华社专特稿)

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