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美媒:科技,已成中美之间的“大战场”!

2017-08-04 10:13:47   中国网

美国《纽约时报》8月3日文章,原题:华盛顿竭力保护科技,中国却能够反击

就在特朗普政府着手就知识产权问题对中国采取行动之际,华盛顿却会发现自己的火力有限。北京已牢牢掌控美国科技公司,全球贸易规则也对中国有利。科技,如今已成为中美之间的一大战场,双方都在竭力保护本国的经济和国家安全利益。

北京已迫使很多美国企业与中方企业合资或分享科研,这是中国打造本土科技巨头的大计划的一部分。从智能手机到芯片再到电动汽车的制造商,美企虽不情愿,却因害怕失去进入中国市场的机会,最后都不得不同意。

中国的雄心已在华盛顿引起警惕,两党均表关切。知情人士称,美国贸易代表罗伯特·莱特希泽正准备发起一宗贸易案,指控中国大范围侵犯知识产权。然而,中国能打强固的防守战。按照中国与世贸组织谈判达成的特殊规则,北京拥有宽松的支配权维持国内市场的限制。美中经济与安全评估委员会成员迈克尔·韦塞尔说:“问题在于,美国贸易谈判代表当初同意了允许中国限制美国公司市场准入——除非它们与中国公司组成合资企业——的条款。”

如今,中国已把科技视为产业政策的关键部分,极力争取美国科技巨头支持其产业政策,这也是中国将全力以赴予以保护的政策。

北京的要求有出于安全方面的担心,特别是在斯诺登曝光美国对中国从事电子间谍活动之后。

中国也不隐瞒经济动机,谋求支配快速增长的全球产业——它们可能为受教育水平越来越好的中国年轻人创造数百万的高薪工作。

中国迫使外国科技公司与本土企业合作,既是为获得专业技术,也是为实行控制。美国科技公司若不同意合作,在华就会处于劣势。此种背景下,呼吁采取贸易行动的呼声得到美国两党支持。但在全球贸易规则下,中国有自己的应对之策。北京可要求约束性仲裁,且赢的机会大。若中国打赢官司,就有权采取对等措施,像美国限制中国进口那样限制美国的对华出口。尽管中国对美出口是从美国进口的4倍,北京仍可惩罚苹果和星巴克等在华业务很大的美国公司。

彼得森国际经济研究所资深贸易专家尼古拉斯·拉迪称,“基本可以说,美国谈判代表丢了球”,他指的是当初中国加入世贸谈判的有关规则,“那时他们并不觉得中国很重要。”(作者基斯·布拉德舍等,乔恒译)

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