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原标题:科普:黑洞为何会“消化不良”
新华社北京7月9日电 在离地球2000多万光年的地方,一个星系中央的超大质量黑洞发生“消化不良”,打着“饱嗝”向星际空间喷出一大堆物质。天文学家综合多个波段望远镜的观测数据详细研究了这一事件。
这个星系编号为NGC5195,它有一个较大的同伴NGC5194,后者也被称为涡状星系,两者由引力束缚在一起。此前已观测到它们附近有两个X射线弧,据认为是NGC5195星系中央的黑洞“打嗝”形成的。
英国皇家天文学会近日发布新闻公报说,由英国曼彻斯特大学科学家领导的一个小组,利用英国e-MERLIN射电望远镜阵列拍到的高清晰度图像,结合美国的哈勃望远镜、钱德拉X射线和甚大阵列望远镜等设备的观测结果,研究了黑洞“打嗝”喷发物质的细节。
包括银河系在内,几乎所有星系中央都有一个超大质量的黑洞,吸引吞噬周边的一切物质。NGC5195中央的黑洞质量相当于太阳质量的1900万倍。这一星系跌入涡状星系的怀抱,与后者的外旋臂融合,导致大量物质向NGC5195的中央黑洞跌落。
据科学家解释,这些物质高速旋转着落入黑洞,在黑洞周围形成盘状结构,称为吸积盘。填鸭式的“喂食”使吸积盘大到一定程度,这时黑洞无法继续有效地吞噬物质,发生“消化不良”,导致吸积盘破裂。
此时,巨大的压力产生强烈冲击波,将物质推向星际空间,其中电子以接近光的速度传播,与星际空间的气体和尘埃相互作用,发出射电波。冲击波随即像吹泡泡一样使气体和尘埃加热膨胀,发出X射线,并从氢气上剥离电子形成离子氢,产生此前观测到的弧线。
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