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看守所立法突与围:“侦羁合一”体制病灶何时除

2017-07-09 17:56:38   

(对羁押必要性审查是草案中最为关键的积极调整,一旦被羁押人不符合条件,将被提前变更强制措施或释放。图/视觉中国)

6月15日,公安部网站发布《看守所法(公开征求意见稿)》(下称“草案”),向社会公开征求意见。这意味着,围绕看守所的立法工作终于接近尾声,施行27年的《看守所条例》行将退出历史舞台,取而代之的将是一部层级更高的专门法律。

《看守所条例》已滞后现行法律体系,在司法实践中暴露出诸多问题。2009年云南“躲猫猫”事件之后,相继发生“激动死”、“睡觉死”、“喝水死”等一系列看守所非正常死亡事件,这些事件均与看守所的体制问题相关。

对比《看守所条例》,草案尝试“纠错”,并力求和三次修订的《宪法》、两次修订的《刑事诉讼法》等大法保持统一。比如正式写入“尊重和保障人权”。

不过,在看守所的隶属体制问题上,草案未如学界期望作出改变。而看守所“侦羁合一”的体制问题,被认为是看守所存有诸多弊病的根源。不少法学界人士认为,草案吸纳数十年司法实践的经验,对一些不足进行调整,终于跟上刑事诉讼法的脚步,但在一些关键性问题上未有突破。

 新增羁押必要性审查和律师会见权

当前全国3000多个看守所、100多万在押人员,主要监管依据是《看守所条例》。该条例于1990年颁布,是以1979年《刑事诉讼法》为主要依据制定。

《刑事诉讼法》后经1996年、2012年两次修改,而《看守所条例》27年未变,已严重落后于法治进程,存在羁侦不分、对在押人员权利保障不足的问题,且与《刑事诉讼法》存在多处矛盾。比如,现行《刑事诉讼法》将羁押对象称为“犯罪嫌疑人”、“被告”,并允许律师在侦查阶段会见犯罪嫌疑人,但《看守所条例》中,仍使用“人犯”一词,并不允许律师会见。

在各方呼吁声中,2013年10月,十二届全国人大常委会公布了未来五年立法规划,《看守所法》首次被人大常委会列入立法规划。经公安部近四年起草,终于在2017年6月15日公布草案,向社会公开征求意见。

天津财经大学近现代法研究中心主任侯欣一对《财经》记者表示,与《看守所条例》相比,草案在篇幅、内容上确有大的变化,吸收了《刑事诉讼法》相关精神,也将看守所近几年新的司法实践纳入其中。

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