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价格改革稳步向纵深推进

2017-10-15 07:07:53   

党的十八大以来,我国着力完善重点领域和关键环节价格形成机制,坚决放开竞争性领域和环节价格,灵活发挥价格杠杆作用,将价格改革不断向纵深推进。

截至目前,97%以上的商品和服务价格实现市场调节,市场决定价格机制基本建立。少数仍由政府定价的自然垄断行业和公共服务领域,已经初步建立了以“准许成本+合理收益”为核心的科学定价制度。价格改革的持续推进,帮助企业减轻负担超过4200亿元,为激发市场活力、培育发展新动能发挥了重要作用。我国基本实现了价格管理从直接制定价格水平向建机制、强监管的转变。

已下放80多项政府定价

具备竞争条件的商品和服务价格一律放开,是我国实施价格改革的重要原则之一。按照这一思路,中央层面已经放开下放80多项政府定价项目,政府定价限定在重要公用事业、公益性服务和网络型自然垄断环节。

5年来,农产品、资源能源、医药、交通运输等领域的改革持续深化,价格改革爬坡过坎、稳健推进,对行业体制变革起到了“牛鼻子”的牵引作用。

2015年,农产品实现了价格全部由市场形成。为保障口粮安全,保护种粮农民收益,顺应市场形势变化,稻谷最低收购价稳步下调。同时,我国还稳健推进棉花目标价格改革,探索出一条农产品价格主要由市场供求形成、价格与政府补贴脱钩的新路子,激发了生产、加工、流通、纺织全产业链活力,为农业供给侧结构性改革提供了实践经验。

电力和天然气是关系国计民生的基础能源。按照“放开两头、管住中间”的思路,2013年迈出非居民用天然气价格改革的关键第一步。2014年输配电价改革试点从深圳启动。在不到3年时间里,我国全面完成了省级电网输配电价改革,市场交易电量占到电网企业销售电量的23%左右;理顺了非居民用天然气价格,占消费总量80%以上的非居民用气价格主要由市场主导形成。长输、短输、配气等天然气全产业链和输配电价格科学化、精细化监管框架已基本建立。

药品和医疗服务价格改革成为破除“以药补医”的突破口。2014年以来,除麻醉药品和第一类精神药品外的药品价格均已放开由市场调节。目前,医疗服务价格改革已全面推开,公立医院药品加成已全面取消,对由此减少的医院合理收入,通过调整医疗服务价格补偿80%至90%。通过改革,我国将公立医院补偿渠道改为服务收费和政府补助两个渠道,结束了60多年“以药补医”的历史,初步建立了公立医院科学运行新体制。

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