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吃水果能代替蔬菜吗?摇头可以治疗脑瘫? 9月“科学”流言榜发布

2017-09-30 16:36:51   

真相:尽管蔬菜和水果在营养成分和保健作用方面都有很多的相似之处,但也存在着一定的差异。比如大多数蔬菜,特别是深色蔬菜,所含的膳食纤维、维生素、矿物质和植物化学物质的含量都要优于水果,所以水果可以补充蔬菜摄入的不足,但不能代替蔬菜。

水果中的有机酸,如苹果酸、柠檬酸等含量比蔬菜丰富,并且水果中的芳香物质、香豆素等植物化学物质也是蔬菜所无可比拟的,而这些植物化学物质对人体健康非常有益。并且大多数水果是可以直接吃的,一般情况不需要加热,所以它的营养成分不受烹调因素的影响,营养素损失也少,因此,蔬菜也不能代替水果。

吃虾皮补钙可不可取?

虾皮,素有“钙的仓库”之称,很多老年人把虾皮当做补钙佳品。

真相:

专家给出的答案是否定的。虽然虾皮中钙含量高达991毫克/100克,但虾皮中也含有较多的胆固醇和大量的盐分,其钠含量是牛奶钠含量的136倍。“如果吃太多虾皮,钙可能能够补上来,但是对于血脂和血压却是极其不利的。不论是有血脂和血压问题的人群,还是所有指标在正常范围内的人群,都不适合把虾皮作为补钙的来源,它还是应该用于作为做菜时的配料。”

摇头真的可以治脑瘫吗?

近日,一个“婴儿被剧烈摇晃脑袋”的视频广泛转发。在事发医院的官网上,竟然有着“李医生”所在的“康复理疗科对脑瘫患儿的治愈率在80%以上”的说法。

真相:新闻中提到的按摩疗法,2014年,中国康复学会在国家卫生部的资助下,进行了循证研究。通过分析比对过往的脑瘫研究和病理,对脑瘫治疗进行指导。其中确实提到,推拿按摩可以促进患儿的运动及神经功能发育、改善患儿的关节活动度等,但是证据很少,而且是等级最低的IV级。目前的学界共识是,脑瘫没有根治的方案。既然没有根治的方案,那么,“治愈率达到80%”就无从说起了。

运动饮料真有那么神奇?

运动饮料是运动的必备单品,它不仅能高效补充水分,同时还能更好地促进电解质恢复平衡、补充能量,防止低钠血症及水中毒,让运动员表现更出色。对于非运动员,运动饮料也是健康生活的一部分,运动饮料能让你更健康。

真相:对于普通人来说,运动饮料不仅不是健康的日常饮品,相反它还会带来一部分健康问题。比如说,一些偶尔运动,运动强度适中,且时间短并没有大量出汗,没有造成电解质的流失的人,喝运动饮料,会因为摄入过多的电解质而增加身体的负担,特别是肾的负担。而且,过多的摄入运动饮料,会产生牙釉质的去矿化作用,增加龋齿的风险,喝多了小心“烂牙齿”。

本报记者 马亚宁

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