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复旦课题组发现抗H7N9禽流感 新型高活性全人源抗体

2017-09-29 16:32:51   

央广网上海9月29日消息(记者傅闻捷)自2013年我国发现了全球首例人感染H7N9禽流感病例以来,每年冬春季都会出现一波H7N9禽流感疫情。近日,复旦大学基础医学院医学分子病毒学教育部/卫生部重点实验室应天雷课题组在H7N9禽流感药物研发方面取得重要进展,发现了可靶向H7N9禽流感病毒新表位的高活性抗病毒全人源抗体m826。相关成果以《一种靶向H7N9流感血凝素pH敏感表位的强效全人源胚系单克隆抗体》(A Potent Germline-like Human Monoclonal Antibody Targets a pH-Sensitive Epitope on H7N9 Influenza Hemagglutinin)为题在线发表于《细胞》(Cell)杂志子刊《细胞--宿主与微生物》(Cell Host & Microbe)。

全人源胚系抗体m826通过识别H7N9禽流感病毒血凝素上一个pH敏感的新表位,吸引免疫细胞来杀灭病毒。

据悉,m826抗体是从一个超大型天然全人源抗体库中筛选得到的。该抗体具有独特的作用机制:其通过靶向H7N9禽流感病毒血凝素上的一个新表位,不直接中和病毒,而是诱发很强的ADCC活性,从而招募天然杀伤细胞等免疫细胞来消灭病毒及被病毒感染的细胞。进一步的动物实验证明,m826抗体无论用于预防或治疗,均可完全保护小鼠不被高剂量禽流感病毒感染,具有很强的体内抗病毒活性。

此外,该抗体还是一种天然的“胚系”抗体,几乎没有经过任何体细胞突变。研究人员不仅可在H7N9感染康复后的病人体内找到与m826抗体类似的抗体序列,还可以在健康人、婴儿体内找到极类似的抗体。之前,应天雷课题组曾在《自然-通讯》杂志发表文章,证明新型MERS冠状病毒也可被一种胚系抗体m336高亲和力特异性识别。近期,该课题组还发现了可高亲和力结合寨卡病毒的全人源胚系抗体m301等。可见,这些天然的胚系抗体不需要过多的体细胞高频突变,即可有效抵抗新发传染病的感染。这些发现为如何更有效的研发针对新发传染病的疫苗及药物提供了重要启示。

该论文的共同作者之一、复旦大学基础医学院的国家千人计划学者姜世勃教授介绍,目前复旦大学基础医学院建立起了全人源抗体的快速研发平台,针对各种疾病靶点多可制备高活性全人源抗体。这些抗体大都是安全性高、成药性好的胚系抗体。此外,该技术平台不需要获取病人样本,尤其适合用于新发突发传染病的快速应对,迅速开发特异性的传染病防治药物。

复旦大学姜世勃和陆路课题组的博士后于飞(现为河北农业大学副教授)、应天雷课题组的博士生吴艳玲、美国国家癌症研究所及新华(Xinhua Ji)课题组的博士后宋贺为该论文并列第一作者,应天雷研究员为通讯作者。论文合作单位还包括美国食品和药物管理局、韩国巴斯德所、复旦大学附属中山医院等。应天雷课题组主要从事重大传染病、癌症相关的全人源单抗及新结构抗体药物研发工作。该研究得到了国家自然科学基金委、青年千人计划、国家重点研发计划等项目的资助。

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