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“复兴号”上的黑科技:往返一趟京沪省电5000度

2017-09-29 07:17:52   

划重点:

整车运行阻力降低12%,人均百公里能耗下降17%,当它以时速350公里运行时人均百公里能耗仅3.8度电。“往返一趟京沪节省5000多度电。”

乘坐“复兴号”更放心,这是因为除具备失稳检测、烟火报警、轴温监控、受电弓视频监视等安全防护功能外,“复兴号”动车组加装了一把 “安全锁”。也就是当列车发生碰撞时,碰撞吸能单元通过有序变形吸收碰撞能量,保障乘客区域不变形,冲击减速度可控,为乘员提供安全保障。

视觉中国

9月21日,“复兴号”中国标准动车组在京沪高铁实现时速350公里运营,标志着我国成为世界上高铁商业运营速度最高的国家。

“复兴号”都蕴藏了哪些黑科技?9月25日,科技日报记者来到中车四方股份公司,细探究竟。

雕刻中国面孔:往返一趟京沪省电5000度

CR400AF动车组一亮相,其修长的流线型车头“飞龙”可谓颜值爆表。

为什么是 “飞龙”?“车头造型不仅是为了好看,更关键的是要降低空气阻力。” 中车四方股份公司副总工程师丁叁叁告诉记者,当动车组在时速350公里的高速状态下运行时,90%左右的阻力来自空气,动车组的动力输出几乎都消耗在与空气的对抗上了。

与既有动车组相比,“复兴号”的外形有了很大改变。CR400AF动车组的车体高度从3.7米增高到了4.05米,车体断面积增大了7.3%。

增长的“身材”必须提升车头的气动性能,使设计难度大大攀升。

“为攻克头型技术难题,研发团队最初设计了46种头型概念方案,围绕气动性能开展了海量的仿真计算、风洞试验以及动模型试验,反复评估头型的技术指标和文化特性,才最终敲定‘飞龙’方案。”丁叁叁说。

头型的制造是另一大挑战。“‘飞龙’车头棱线曲面造型复杂,由80多块蒙皮拼接而成,对成型精度的要求极高。”中车四方股份公司技术工程部部长张志毅说,80多块蒙皮形状各异,共有3000多条焊缝,加起来长达600多米,如此高的焊接密度,几乎囊括了平焊、横焊、仰焊等所有高难度的焊接姿势。

果然,“飞龙”不负重望,表现优异。整车运行阻力降低12%,人均百公里能耗下降17%,当它以时速350公里运行时人均百公里能耗仅3.8度电。

“往返一趟京沪节省5000多度电。” 丁叁叁计算出这样一个数字。

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