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“复兴号”上的黑科技:往返一趟京沪省电5000度

2017-09-29 04:36:12   科技日报

9月21日,“复兴号”中国标准动车组在京沪高铁实现时速350公里运营,标志着我国成为世界上高铁商业运营速度最高的国家。

“复兴号”都蕴藏了哪些黑科技?9月25日,科技日报记者来到中车四方股份公司,细探究竟。

资料图

雕刻中国面孔:往返一趟京沪省电5000度

CR400AF动车组一亮相,其修长的流线型车头“飞龙”可谓颜值爆表。

为什么是“飞龙”?“车头造型不仅是为了好看,更关键的是要降低空气阻力。”中车四方股份公司副总工程师丁叁叁告诉记者,当动车组在时速350公里的高速状态下运行时,90%左右的阻力来自空气,动车组的动力输出几乎都消耗在与空气的对抗上了。

与既有动车组相比,“复兴号”的外形有了很大改变。CR400AF动车组的车体高度从3.7米增高到了4.05米,车体断面积增大了7.3%。

增长的“身材”必须提升车头的气动性能,使设计难度大大攀升。

“为攻克头型技术难题,研发团队最初设计了46种头型概念方案,围绕气动性能开展了海量的仿真计算、风洞试验以及动模型试验,反复评估头型的技术指标和文化特性,才最终敲定‘飞龙’方案。”丁叁叁说。

头型的制造是另一大挑战。“‘飞龙’车头棱线曲面造型复杂,由80多块蒙皮拼接而成,对成型精度的要求极高。”中车四方股份公司技术工程部部长张志毅说,80多块蒙皮形状各异,共有3000多条焊缝,加起来长达600多米,如此高的焊接密度,几乎囊括了平焊、横焊、仰焊等所有高难度的焊接姿势。

果然,“飞龙”不负重望,表现优异。整车运行阻力降低12%,人均百公里能耗下降17%,当它以时速350公里运行时人均百公里能耗仅3.8度电。

“往返一趟京沪节省5000多度电。”丁叁叁计算出这样一个数字。

聪明“中国脑”:1秒钟记录100万个数据

“复兴号”有一颗更加聪明的“大脑”,可在1秒钟内记录100万个数据。

看看“复兴号”聪明在什么地方。

“复兴号”建立了大量的传感系统,整车检测点达2500多个,比以前动车组多了500多个。“这些大大小小的传感器,最大的高62.8厘米,最小的直径仅5毫米。”中车四方股份公司技术中心副主任陶桂东解释说,这些传感器能采集1500多项车辆状态信息,就像动车组的眼睛一样,时时刻刻对列车振动、轴承温度、牵引制动系统状态、车厢环境等进行监测。

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