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中国直升机从落后走向领先:复合材料100%国产化

2017-09-27 07:27:54   

直升机产业:从“望尘莫及”到“并驾齐驱”

十年弹指一挥间,“千年瓷都”景德镇如今有了新的名片:中国直升机研发制造正在这里变大变强。

中国直升机走向领先

2008年,在汶川地震救援中,灾区上空飞行的几乎全是进口直升机。不是中国直升机不想参与救援,而是实在能力不足。这一尴尬局面,让中国的直升机人大受刺激。

“当时,我们的国产飞机,根本没有条件进入灾区,技术要求远远达不到,不敢飞高原、不能飞复杂天气条件、不能飞冻雨。”中国航空工业直升机研究所(也称中国直升机研究所)总设计师邓景辉告诉记者。中国直升机研究所是中国直升机研发的摇篮,目前国内所生产的大部分直升机机型,均由该所研发。知耻而后勇,从那时起,中国的直升机人开始发奋图强、奋起直追。短短10年间,研发生产能力获得了飞速提升。

一项项核心技术被突破、一个个型号横空出世、一架架飞机投入使用。中国直升机不仅攻克了多项核心技术,还一步步走到了世界前列。目前第三代技术已经成熟,并形成了系统生产保障能力,最新一代第四代技术研发生产能力也逐渐趋向稳定。凭借12大系列、50多个型号,中国的直升机制造已经跻身全球七大直升机制造商。

不久前,在中俄空军“航空飞镖-2017”国际军事比赛中,由中国直升机研究所研发、中国航空工业昌飞公司制造的直-10型武装直升机,一举战胜航空强国俄罗斯的两款新型直升机,获得武装直升机第一名,凸显了中国直升机产品的水平。

“可以说是从当时的‘望尘莫及’达到了现在与先进国家‘并驾齐驱’的水平。”中国直升机研究所所长洪蛟如此评价,“在一些关键领域,中国人正凭借自己的智慧实现超越。”

自主创新是唯一出路

从需求侧来看,近年来,国防领域自不必说,其它各行各业对直升机的需求量都在增加。直升机在中国的用途非常广泛,民用领域更是潜力巨大,除了救灾、减灾、测绘测量、医疗救护等领域广泛应用,还有更多的领域可以拓展。

单单以救援为例,中国是一个灾害多发的国家,每年所发生的地震、火灾等事故,对直升机有大量的需求。美国目前服役的直升机超过1万架,经过近10年的快速发展,中国直升机的保有量目前还不足千架,个人拥有直升机数量更少,应用潜力巨大。尤其在民用领域,随着国家对通航产业的支持政策出台,其万亿元规模等待开发。因此,中国发展自己的直升机产业显得更为迫切。

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