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大连理工大学:率先实现柴油机与汽油机的统一

2017-09-19 16:17:51   央广网

央广网大连9月19日消息(记者田彤 贾铁生 通讯员张平媛)首次,在世界范围内实现柴油机与汽油机的统一;申请发明专利135项(含国际发明专利6项),获得授权62项;近11年在中国申请的内燃机燃烧发明专利统计排名国内第一,世界第九……这些夺人眼球的数字均属于一家将于2017年底筹资成立的高新技术公司——大工发动机科技有限公司,9月17日,该团队代表大连理工大学斩获第三届中国“互联网+”大学生创新创业大赛金奖。

打造“亮点”,破解环保困境

面对日益严峻的能源环境问题及越来越严格的排放法规,传统发动机技术在现有燃烧模式下,可优化的空间有限。终极发动机项目团队负责人、大连理工大学博士研究生田华对此有着清醒的认识,他认为,在未来一个相当长的时期内,内燃机作为汽车和船舶领域主流动力机械的地位不可动摇,市场前景非常广阔。面对日益严峻的能源环境问题以及越来越严格的排放法规,传统发动机在固有模式下难以产生较大的突破。因此,终极发动机应运而生。

针对这种现状,团队以技术创新响应国家“节能减排”政策号召,依靠自身技术力量,结合传统柴油机与汽油机各自优点,提出新型射流控制压缩着火燃烧方式,实现了柴油机与汽油机的统一,并且基于驱动—制动全工况范围内优化内燃机性能的思想,开发了多模式运行技术,实现发动机二冲程与四冲程模式的灵活切换的目的。

“致力内燃机事业的发展,争取早日实现自主产品的国际领先地位,秉承工匠精神,让中国内燃机之火燎原五洲。” 这是田华和他的小伙伴们一直保有的信念。终极发动机是一种高效清洁的预混合压燃发动机,通过JCCI燃烧方式,实现柴油机与汽油机的统一。同时,基于全工况范围内优化内燃机性能的思想,采用多模式控制策略,使发动机不同循环方式灵活切换,实现二冲程与四冲程模式的统一。

攻克“难点”,研发核心技术

着火相位的控制一直是发动机研发的技术难点,经过多年的技术积累与创新,终极发动机团队研发了一系列新型高性能、低排放发动机技术,包括JCCI技术、多模式运行技术和高扰动喷射技术。

射流控制预混合压缩着火(JCCI)技术是项目的核心技术之一,它将柴油机与汽油机优点合二为一,团队核心成员、大连理工大学博士研究生礼博对此如数家珍:与传统柴油机相比热效率提高9%,NOx降低90%,PM排放降低90%,CO2排放降低15%;与传统汽油机相比,热效率提高19%,NOx降低80%,CO2排放降低30%。目前,该系统已获得授权发明专利8项。在工信部的支持下,团队已开发出了国际上第一台柴/汽油机原理样机和预混合压燃工程样机。

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