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八问共享单车治理

2017-09-18 07:36:42   新华网

北京近日发布共享单车指导意见(试行),意见提出各区要落实自行车停放区设置,实现车辆投放动态平衡,并要求企业应配备与规模相匹配的管理人员,做好车辆运营调度。针对目前共享单车总量是否饱和,如何实现动态平衡,如何设置禁停区等热点问题,记者采访了三位专家。专家认为,总量是否饱和不能仅根据投放总量来判断,并建议在地铁等容易扰乱交通秩序的区域合理设置停放区。

 追问1

  单车投放如何实现动态平衡?

北京工业大学城市交通学院院长陈艳艳:具体看企业在各区域投放量,每个区每个街道差异可能挺大,需要与政府共享分析数据,政府再考虑各个企业的投放上限等。后期单车数据资源共享,政府可能会考量清退机制或奖惩机制,保证车辆有效投放,而不是盲目无序投入。

宇恒可持续交通研究中心主任王江燕:细分到不同区的可行性比较高,每个区出行需求不同,由区政府统一协调更有效。政府和企业只要共享资源,分析一个大家都接受的数量限额,实现动态平衡还是容易的。

世界资源研究所中国可持续交通项目主任刘岱宗:总体上不太认同政府调控能实现动态平衡。因为跨区域骑车出行很多,很难靠各个区平衡。动态平衡是根据需求导向的,而需求不与行政区域挂钩,各个区域可以分解任务,细化到街道实行管理,但平衡比较难实现。

 追问2

  共享单车总量是否趋于饱和?

陈艳艳:根据绝对数值去评价不够科学,应依据各区域供求平衡判断。有些区域可能过度,有些地方还有缺口。据我了解,短期内单车数量可能会呈下降趋势,但最终还是看车辆是否能高效使用。所以不能看车辆绝对总数的变化,而应该关注每辆自行车的使用次数。

王江燕:饱和的说法不一定准确。单车数量是否会下降也需要数据说话,比如投放量越大,单车的周转率也会降低,企业的效益也就降低,维护也可能对企业产生压力,所以投放量的增减也会参照企业的效益和规模。

刘岱宗:这是个伪命题。我不认为需求总量可以简单测算。1986年北京有900多万人口,700多万辆自行车,这算多还是少?饱和度应该看该地区的需求量,这个地域周转率低表明投放量高,反之亦然,这个可能能更准确地判断一个地方的单车数量是否够用。

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