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以深化改革促进供需动态平衡

2017-09-16 06:16:42   新华网

推进供给侧结构性改革,是党中央适应和引领经济发展新常态的重大创新。2017年是供给侧结构性改革的深化之年。新形势下,如何从生产端入手,提高供给体系质量和效率,实现供给结构由低水平供需平衡向高水平供需平衡跃升,这需要我们牢固树立和贯彻落实创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念,直面重点难题,着力在关键领域、重点环节,推出有针对性的举措,以深化改革促进供需动态平衡。

推进供给侧结构性改革,既是大势所趋、形势使然,也是问题倒逼、必经关口。当前,我国经济正从粗放向集约、从简单分工向复杂分工的高级形态演进,同时还面临长期积累的一些结构性、体制性矛盾和问题。其中,供给和需求不平衡、不协调的矛盾和问题日益凸显,突出表现为供给侧对需求侧变化的适应性调整明显滞后。这就需要在适度扩大总需求的同时加快推进供给侧结构性改革,用改革的办法矫正供需结构错配和要素配置扭曲,减少无效和低端供给,扩大有效和中高端供给,促进要素流动和优化配置,实现更高水平的供需平衡。

近年来,我国供给侧结构性改革全面铺开,取得了初步成效。“三去一降一补”工作持续推进,在改革推动下,部分行业供求关系、政府和企业理念行为发生积极变化,促进了经济发展质量和效益的提升。但也应清醒看到,供给侧结构性改革在工作进展上还很不平衡,依然任重而道远。做好当前经济工作,必须继续从供给侧入手、在结构性改革上想办法。改革的关键是以需求为导向增加有效供给,以市场为导向增加资源要素的配置效率,去除无效供给,改造传统供给,增加新供给,最终形成供求结构动态平衡,推动我国经济朝着更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续的方向发展。

在深入推进供给侧改革过程中,需要处理好四大关系:一是供给和需求的关系。供给和需求是对立统一的,保持总供给和总需求的动态平衡是经济增长的重要条件。供需不平衡、不协调、不匹配,会导致资源错配和结构扭曲,影响经济增长的可持续性。推进供给侧结构性改革并不意味着放弃需求管理,而应供给侧和需求侧双管齐下、共同发力。二是短期和长期的关系。我们要从化解当前突出矛盾入手,从构建长效体制机制、重塑中长期经济增长动力着眼,在培育新的动力机制上做好文章、下足功夫,着力推进体制机制建设,激发市场主体内生动力和活力,从而为供给侧改革创造良好的环境。三是政府和市场的关系。按照使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用的要求,必须始终抓住“放管服”改革这一牛鼻子,坚韧不拔地推进这一“牵一发而动全身”的改革,加快政府职能转变,做到简政放权、降低准入门槛,公正监管、促进公平竞争,高效服务、营造便利环境。四是要处理好国际和国内的关系。要利用好两个市场,两种资源,要坚持在对外开放中推进供给侧结构性改革。

需要特别注意的是,以深化改革促进供需动态平衡,要坚持调动各方面积极性。人是生产力中最活跃的因素,必须充分调动人的积极性,这是改革开放以来的重要经验。当前,要注重调动企业家、创新人才的积极性、主动性、创造性。为企业家营造宽松环境,用透明的法治环境稳定预期,给他们吃定心丸。要为创新人才建立完善激励机制,调动其积极性。

总之,推进供给侧结构性改革是我国经济发展进入新常态的必然选择。要站在经济长周期和结构优化升级的角度,把握经济发展阶段性特征,坚定不移深化供给侧结构性改革,保持政策连续性和稳定性,推动经济结构调整取得实质性进展,提高经济运行质量和效益,从而真正促进经济社会持续健康发展。

(作者单位:中央民族大学)

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