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汉阳陵举办新疆吐鲁番汉唐文物特展

2017-09-15 17:36:47   央广网

央广网西安9月15日消息(记者雷恺)由汉景帝阳陵博物院与吐鲁番博物馆联合举办的“汉唐火洲、丝路风采——新疆吐鲁番文物特展”今天(9月15日)在汉景帝阳陵博物院考古陈列馆临展厅正式对公众开放。

本次展览由“汉代吐鲁番”、“唐代吐鲁番”以及“吐鲁番与丝绸之路”三个单元组成,参展文物55件(组),其中二级文物9件,三级文物6件,均为汉唐墓葬和遗址出土的生活用品、随葬器物和不同语言文字的文书,包括丝织物、纸质文书、陶器、木器、兵器、金银器、陶俑、货币、宗教遗物等。另辅以展板多幅,图文并茂地介绍参展文物背后的故事,解读吐鲁番地区历史文化知识。

西汉时期,吐鲁番盆地居民以车师人为主,主要从事游牧业,兼营农业。当时,匈奴控制着西域大部,并不断侵扰汉朝。汉初实行休养生息,“文景之治”之后,国力逐渐强盛,汉武帝遂派兵与匈奴展开争夺西域的斗争。从汉武帝到汉宣帝,汉匈之间围绕车师进行了多次战斗,史称“五争车师”。汉宣帝神爵二年(前60年),车师之地归属汉朝。西汉时期,先后在交河城、高昌城设置戊已校尉进行管理。东汉光武帝建武元年(公元25年),车师前国全部吞并了吐鲁番境内诸国,交河城成为政治、经济、文化中心,其后吐鲁番地区逐渐形成了以高昌、柳中为中心的汉人生活聚集区,以交河为中心的车师人生活区域,为吐鲁番成为东西方文化交流、交融中心奠定了基础。唐贞观年间,麴(qu一声)氏高昌叛唐转而投靠西突厥,唐派吏部尚书候君集为交河道行军大总管率师镇压,存在180年的高昌王国从此消失于历史的黄沙之中。唐于其地设立西州,治所在高昌城。同时,唐政府还在交河城设置了安西都护府治所,统辖包括吐鲁番在内的西域广大地区。后来,安西都护府的治所迁至高昌城,与西州州府“合署办公”,这一举措使得吐鲁番在整个西域地区的地位和作用更加重要,中原地区的儒家文化、传统习俗在西域大地也得以广泛传播。

这里曾生活过车师、汉、匈奴、柔然、鲜卑、粟特、突厥、回鹘、蒙古等多个民族;流行过25种语言和18种文字;曾汇聚了萨满教、祆教、佛教、道教、摩尼教、景教和伊斯兰教等多种宗教;也是中原丝织品、西方香料、北方马匹交易的集散地;亦是东西方贸易的必经之路,是丝绸之路上一颗璀璨的明珠。拥有两处世界文化遗产点,多处历史文化古迹,承载着厚重的历史文化信息,肩负起东西方物质与文化交流融合的重担,是中国古代丝绸之路上的重要交通枢纽。汉唐时的交河故城、高昌故城已经成为世界文化遗产。吐鲁番洋海、胜金店、阿斯塔那等古墓群的科学发掘,用出土实物讲述着“丝绸之路”的千年历史。

配合本次展览,汉景帝阳陵博物院还特邀吐鲁番学研究院资料信息中心主任武海龙博士作题为《高昌故城与高昌佛教》的随展专题讲座,利用大量文献和图片资料,讲述了吐鲁番高昌故城的历史沿革,重点了阐述兴佛教在吐鲁番高昌故城的衰变迁史和区域特征。专题讲座增加了公众对古代高昌地区的历史知识、区域文化以及宗教信仰等方面的知识储备,对本次展览的深度理解和延伸阅读起到积极的作用。汉景帝阳陵博物院社教部还设计了《汉代的城》教育手册,通过介绍交河故城、高昌故城、柳中故城、汉长安城及阳陵邑这五座古城的基本知识,设计了公众互动环节,激发游客探索古城的兴趣,增加公众对此次展览理解,传播参展文物背后的历史文化知识。

此外,汉景帝阳陵博物院和吐鲁番博物馆共同签署《友好博物馆协议书》,以优势互补、合作共赢为原则,建立馆际交流、合作办展、资源共享等方面的合作机制,促进馆际资源的整合和合理利用,携手共创博物馆合作共赢新典范。

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