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西北“风光”无限好——大西北新能源再调查

2017-09-13 16:01:33   新华网

新华社乌鲁木齐9月13日电 题:西北“风光”无限好——大西北新能源再调查

新华社记者 杜刚、骆晓飞、王衡

距离我国第一座风力发电场——新疆达坂城风电一场建立已有28年。如今,在风能、太阳能丰富的西北大地,一座座“风车”如森林般矗立,绵延数十公里的光伏电站已是寻常事物。这些清洁、充裕的新能源不仅将“风光”盘活,还借助特高压将电能传输到远方,为我国优化能源结构、改善生态环境打下了坚实基础。

  “绿色发动机”在西北荒滩建起

丝绸之路沿线的新疆、甘肃、青海、宁夏和陕西,拥有良好的风光能资源禀赋,近年来新能源装机迅速增长。国家能源局西北能监局数据显示,西北地区去年风电装机容量总计4329.7万千瓦,占全国风电装机的29%;光伏装机3037.4万千瓦,占全国光伏装机的39%。广袤的西北,同华北、东北共同构筑起我国能源供应的“绿色发动机”。

得益于国家的政策支持和市场积极反应,2016年我国成为全球最大的可再生能源生产和消费国。统计显示,去年我国贡献了全球可再生能源产量增长的40%以上,其中很大一部分是来自西北地区的风光电。

由于新能源装机规模大,西北更成为全球探索能源发展趋势的试验区。6月,青海实现全省7天全水、风、光供电,这场不间断“绿电7日”在全国属于首次,也是世界上清洁能源供电时间较长、供电难度较大的一次尝试,显露出我国能源结构“清洁转型”的巨大潜能。

  新能源限电“紧箍咒”松动

受需求萎缩、电价等多重因素影响,新能源的弃风弃光近年来一直萦绕在业界心头。特别是新疆和甘肃,2016年弃风弃光皆位居全国前列。在各方努力下,限制新能源发电的“紧箍咒”今年上半年显示出松动迹象,新疆和甘肃的弃风率同比皆下降超过10个百分点,弃光率分别下降6个和9个百分点。

据国网新疆电力公司介绍,电力部门今年打破过去分省备用模式,实施全网统一调度,尽可能压减火电开机,增加新能源消纳空间。同时,将新能源外送优先级提到跨区直流配套火电之前,发生弃风弃光时,强制压减配套火电出力,优先输送新能源。

日渐完善的电力输送通道也为中东部消纳西部新能源提供了技术条件。6月,总投资达262亿元的我国首条大规模清洁能源特高压直流输电工程酒泉-湖南±800千伏特高压直流输电工程带电投产,重点支撑酒泉风光电输出。国网甘肃省电力公司发展策划部副主任李晖说,目前酒湖特高压已输送电力23亿千瓦时,年底有望达到60亿千瓦时,其中约4成是新能源电力。在新疆,通过哈密南-郑州±800千伏特高压直流输电工程,借助新能源与火电打捆外送、电力援疆等方式,新能源电力外送比例超过20%。

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