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新闻分析:白令海峡会否成为“北方的马六甲”?

2017-09-11 19:52:22   新华网

新华社“天健”轮9月11日电 新闻分析:白令海峡会否成为“北方的马六甲”?

新华社记者 刘诗平

中国“天健”轮11日进入白令海峡,正式踏上北极东北航道,前往此行欧洲的第一个卸货港口——丹麦埃斯比约港。随着全球气候变暖、北极海冰加速融化,近年来北极航道越发受到世人关注。

马六甲海峡是众多重要国际航线的咽喉,而白令海峡作为北极航道重要的出入口,是连接太平洋和北冰洋的唯一海上通道,无论是东北航道,还是西北航道和中央航道,都要出入这个门户。未来,北极航道会成为远洋航线中的“黄金水道”吗?白令海峡会成为“北方的马六甲”吗?

北极航道对于亚洲、欧洲和北美洲的经贸往来而言,有着独特的优势。东北航道比传统经苏伊士运河前往欧洲的航线节省约三分之一的时间和航程,可大大节省燃油等成本,提高航行周转率,减少排放;西北航道作为连接东亚和北美洲东海岸最便捷的航线,同样引发期待;穿越北极点附近的中央航道,也在成为航运界议论的话题。

近年来,往返北极东北航道的商船呈增多趋势。据俄罗斯北极物流中心数据显示,2016年经由北极东北航道航行的船舶共297艘,同比增长35%。相比经过马六甲海峡和苏伊士运河的船舶数量,这一数字可谓微不足道,但业内人士预测,往返东北航道的船舶将会逐年增多。

就航道运力而言,据业内人士估计,到2030年东北航道的通航期预计将由目前的3个月左右扩展到半年左右,亚洲和欧洲之间总贸易量的四分之一将通过东北航道运输。

就运输货物而言,全球气候变暖和科技迅猛发展,使探索、开发和利用北极丰富的油气资源成为可能,也为东亚、欧洲和北美洲的货物运输提供了新的机会。

随着北极海冰持续消融、航运技术快速进步,北极航道通航条件将不断优化。再加上基础设施的改进,未来必然会促进区域经济的整合与发展,带来贸易和物流中心的成长、城市和港口的发展,从而影响世界经济贸易格局。一些业内人士认为,扼守太平洋与北冰洋交通干道的白令海峡,有成为“北方的马六甲”的潜质。

当然,白令海峡要成为“北方的马六甲”,北极航道要成为海运高速公路,还受到北极特殊的气候环境制约,以及全球经济等因素影响。有人就提出疑问:如果这条航线不是全年运行,那么它还具备作为一条全球航线的经济意义吗?

不过,人类穿越北极航道的探索持续了数百年,直到21世纪初才真正进入商业航运时代。正如一些业内人士所说,开辟北极“黄金水道”,并非倚马可待,但也不是天方夜谭。

“天健”轮告别雾航进入白令海

满载风电设备等货物经北极东北航道前往欧洲的中国商船“天健”轮,当地时间8日8时30分(北京时间8日5时30分)告别浓雾,从堪察加半岛和白令岛之间进入白令海,但由于空气透明度不佳、海面阴沉,两边陆地均无法看到。>>

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