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故宫赵孟頫书画特展刷屏:这位大艺术家你了解吗?

2017-09-09 07:41:44   新华网

图片来源:故宫博物院网站截图

这两天,赵孟頫书画特展在故宫举办的消息刷了屏:107件艺术珍品由故宫博物院、上海博物馆、辽宁省博物馆等文博机构提供,行书《秋兴诗》卷、《归去来辞》卷、《酒德颂》卷均在其中。那么,赵孟頫究竟是一个什么样的人,又有哪些艺术成就呢?

赵孟頫字子昂,号松雪道人,生于浙江吴兴(今浙江湖州),是赵匡胤的十一世孙、秦王赵德芳的嫡派子孙,也是宋末元初著名书法家、画家,其书画珍品曾拍出1.26亿元天价。传说,他小时候非常聪明,读书能做到过目不忘,对艺术有很强的领悟能力。从艺术角度讲,赵孟頫山水、人物、花鸟……几乎无一不精,像《秋郊饮马图》、《浴马图》、《水村图》,都为后世称颂,他也被称为“文人画家中罕见的全才”。

赵孟頫秋郊饮马图卷。图片来源:故宫博物院网站

什么是“文人画”?简单说,“文人画”就是画中带有文人情趣,画外流露着文人思想的绘画。魏晋南北朝时期,此类绘画在实践中就已经出现了,但“文人画”作为正式的名称是由赵孟頫提出的。明代大才子王世贞有过一个精准的评价:“文人画起自东坡,至松雪敞开大门。”更有人认为,他的绘画开启了“文人画”的新时代。

除了绘画,赵孟頫的书法造诣也非常高,无论篆书、隶书、草书……他都写得得心应手,针对当时有些颓靡的书坛,赵孟頫还提出了“书学二王”的主张,并亲身实践,他所创的“赵体”书,与欧阳询、颜真卿、柳公权并称为“楷书四大家”,现在仍有很多人学习书法选择从临摹“赵体”入手。

赵孟頫水村图卷。图片来源:故宫博物院网站

更令人称奇的是,赵孟頫不光自己出名,他们一家子几乎都可以算作是当时书画界的“网红”:其子赵雍、赵奕,孙赵麟、赵凤都是很有名气的书画家,夫人管道昇除了精于书画外,随手写下的一首《我侬词》,开篇一句“你侬我侬,忒煞情多”流传至今。而那幅“赵氏一门三竹图”分别是赵孟頫、赵孟頫夫人管道昇、赵雍所画的三支竹子,也成为这个书画世家的一段佳话。

此外,赵孟頫的绘画、书法技巧、理念还影响了后世很多人。他的学生中有一个人叫黄公望,画了一幅画,取名《富春山居图》,是“中国十大传世名画”之一,被誉为“画中之兰亭”。

赵孟頫自写小像册页。图片来源:故宫博物院网站

某种意义上,正是因为赵孟頫上述影响力,在故宫举办的这次书画特展备受瞩目。据了解,展览分为两期,第一期时间为9月6日-10月下旬,第二期从10月下旬-12月5日。目前展览主要是四个单元,分别是“溯本清源——赵孟頫的艺术渊源”、“书画交辉——赵孟頫的艺术成就”、“松雪遗韵——赵孟頫的艺术影响”,“云泥有别——赵孟頫书画辨伪”,囊括甚广。

不过,虽然赵孟頫在书画方面的成就之高无可辩驳,但由于他身为宋室皇族后代却出仕元朝,一生饱受争议,好在能与夫人相濡以沫。妻子病逝后,深受打击的赵孟頫回到吴兴再也没有北上,直至69岁无疾而终。(上官云)

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