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上海一中院刑诉制度改革显成效:告别冗长庭审 拒绝非法证据

2017-09-07 23:41:44   央广网

央广网上海9月7日消息(记者周洪)9月6日上午,上海一中法院召开刑事庭前会议规则、非法证据排除规则实施情况新闻发布会,展示近年来该院在刑事庭前会议规则、非法证据排除规则方面所做的探索和取得的成绩。

据介绍,上海一中法院2013年便开始探索实践以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革,同年4月首次在案件审理中召开庭前会议;2014年以承接最高人民法院司法调研重大课题《非法证据排除规则适用问题研究》为契机,开展非法证据排除规则的探索。随着认识的深入和实践的深化,以这两项工作为代表的刑事诉讼制度改革取得了预期的成效。

庭前会议:让庭审提速增效

作为中级法院,上海一中法院刑事审判庭受理的部分案件系重大、疑难、复杂案件,往往证据较多、争议较大,证据交换、质证占用时间多,庭审查明事实的功能因此受限,庭审时间长,甚至需要数次开庭。2013年开始推行庭前会议制度后,该类案件的庭审效率、质量和效果得到较大提升。截至目前,该院召开庭前会议的案件共计21件。

“经我院召开庭前会议的案件,庭审均能够平稳、有序进行,无一例因回避、管辖、非法证据排除等因素导致庭审中断,庭审质量得到了有效提高。”上海一中法院倪金龙副院长在发布会上谈到,“以往我院审理重大职务类犯罪案件,庭审用时少则一天、多则数天,现在通过召开庭前会议,同类型案件庭审时间减少到3个小时左右。”

拒绝非法证据:防范冤假错案

为有效排除通过刑讯逼供、非法取证等获取的非法证据进入法庭,上海一中法院在探索和实践中总结了“八个明确”“五项措施”“两个沟通”12字经验,解决了法官非法证据“不会排”“怎么排”的问题,确保实现非法证据“有效排”的目的。

据了解,上海一中法院始终将非法证据排除和证据合法性问题贯穿至从刑事案件庭前会议、庭审、合议庭评议到审委会讨论等的整个案件办理流程。即便被告人及辩护人未提出非法证据排除申请,该院也将证据合法性问题作为案件审理的重要内容之一,有效保障了被告人的合法权利,避免了冤错案件的发生。

建章立制:方能规范操作

规范高效的实践操作来源于切实可行的制度保障。为确保新《刑事诉讼法》的正确实施,上海一中法院在不断的实践探索中建章立制并持续升级。2014年3月,在一年多摸索实践的基础上,上海一中法院与上海市人民检察院第一分院联合出台《关于庭前会议的实施办法(试行)》,就庭前会议的启动、程序的开展、庭前会议如何服务于庭审等问题作了相关规定。经过两年多的实践检验,上海一中法院又以上述《实施办法(试行)》为蓝本,于2016年8月出台《关于刑事庭前会议规则的实施办法》,进一步明确了召开庭前会议的情形、庭前会议召开的程序和方式、庭前会议的内容及效力等。

上海一中法院还将其承接的《非法证据排除规则适用问题研究》课题调研成果进行转化,并结合实践经验,于2016年9月出台《关于非法证据排除规则的实施办法》,细化12字经验,确保了规则的可行性。2017年6月,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部等联合发布《关于办理刑事案件严格排除非法证据若干问题的规定》,吸收了该院课题的部分观点和《关于非法证据排除规则的实施办法》的部分规定,如明确将“威胁”“非法拘禁”等纳入非法证据排除规则的适用对象,明确重复性供述的排除规则等。

 未来:持续深化刑诉改革

倪金龙副院长在发布会后的专访中表示,接下来,上海一中法院还将继续完善庭前会议和非法证据排除两个实施办法,并进一步探索完善证人和鉴定人出庭作证保障、经济补助,技术侦查证据质证方式改革,疑罪从无等相关制度,深化以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革。

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