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解决土地荒漠化的中国方案:沙漠有绿色就有希望

2017-09-07 15:56:55   央广网

央广网鄂尔多斯9月7日消息(记者郑颖 金建军 内蒙古台记者李昊 王贵阳)曾经被誉为“死亡之海”飞鸟难越的库布其沙漠如今已生机盎然、满眼绿色。鄂尔多斯伊金霍洛旗为了再现当年成吉思汗盛赞的水草丰美的繁茂景象,大力实施防沙治沙绿化工程,目前工程总绿化面积14.5万亩,种植樟子松、油松、旱柳树等乔木677万株。已经让沙进人退的“不毛之地”变为投资创业的热土。这是几十年来鄂尔多斯市生态变革的真实写照,反映了当地在实施防沙治沙工程和保护生态环境方面的决心。

鄂尔多斯市位于中国北疆内蒙古自治区西南部,西、北、东三面为黄河环绕,境内北有库布其沙漠,南有毛乌素沙地,东部为丘陵沟壑区,西部为波状高原硬梁区,年均降水量仅为150至350毫米,是全国沙漠化和水土流失较为严重的地区之一。

数据显示,鄂尔多斯市荒漠化土地总面积7.89万平方公里,占国土总面积的90.7%;沙化土地总面积5.41万平方公里,占国土总面积的62.1%。土地荒漠化和沙化不仅造成生态环境恶化、沙区群众贫困、自然灾害频发,而且严重阻碍地区经济社会的快速发展。

为了改变这一现状,鄂尔多斯全面推进天然林保护、退耕还林、“三北”防护林、京津风沙源治理二期、封禁保护试点、防沙治沙示范区等国家林业重点工程建设。

据统计,2000年以来,累计完成退耕还林、天然林保护、京津风沙源治理等国家林业重点工程人工造林1029万亩,飞播造林877万亩,封山育林453万亩,森林抚育及退化防护林改造等16万亩。截至2016年底,森林资源面积达到了3480万亩,森林覆盖率达到26.7%,较2000年提高14.54个百分点。生态状况实现了从严重恶化到整体遏制,局部大为好转的历史性转变。生态状况好转的背后有许多治沙模范在无私奉献。

“我1981年被分配到哈拉山作业区,当时就觉得沙尘太厉害了,只要起风,沙子就比房子高,门也打不开。”58岁的霍洛林场员工贾道尔吉回想起当年的情景也是百感交集。因为道路不好走,四处都是沙坑,贾道尔吉每天都徒步背着沙柳走到沙漠腹地,他一干就是一整天,直到太阳落山才收工。贾道尔吉说:“刚开始先造林,现在我主要护林,我几十年都在哈拉山作业区,见证了这里的沙漠变绿洲。”

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