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脑卒中防控体系“荣成模式”初显成效
央广网深圳9月5日消息(记者杨振 实习记者冯雅琛)“脑卒中”俗称的“中风”,症状包括肢体偏瘫、失语以及突然眩晕等。数据显示,“脑卒中”目前是中国成年人死亡和致残的首要原因,也是导致人们因病致贫、因病返贫的最普遍病种。长期以来,脑卒中是临床医学领域的世界性难题,一直缺乏有效的治疗手段,因此,相比病发后再治疗,提前预防显得更为重要。
面对这种极为常见而且死亡率高、致残率高的疾病,推动全体国民的普遍预防,操作难度大且社会成本高。但近年来的研究发现,高血压是引发脑卒中的主要原因,其中,H型高血压则是心血管疾病的重要危险因素,极易发生脑卒中,如果能够针对这一高危人群,建立筛查、预防和跟踪体系,将能极大改善这一疾病的预防效果。在山东威海和青岛、陕西渭南、江苏连云港、浙江鄞州等地,深圳奥萨医药有限公司正在与当地政府部门合作,陆续启动脑卒中筛查的政府民生工程。
脑卒中筛查“荣成模式”启动两年发病率降15.4%
2017年7月27日,随着最后1名患者拿到专家处方的免费药物,山东省荣成市1400余名高血压患者入组研究并转入为期2年的随访阶段。由于饮食习惯和生活习惯等原因,地处山东沿海的荣成市是高血压及脑卒中高发的地区,“H型高血压防治惠民工程”于2014年落户于此,三年来,项目组完成了荣成市22个街镇18周岁以上居民的血压测量47万人次;对其中确诊为高血压的113,708名患者进行免费同型半胱氨酸检测,并纳入慢性病规范管理;其中,确诊为H型高血压的患者(脑卒中高危人群)为69,148名,占高血压患者总数67.9%,医疗人员为H型高血压的患者制定个性化治疗方案,并进行依那普利叶酸片干预和规范随访。
在山东荣成俚岛中心卫生院,登录荣成市健康管理信息平台,就能查询到该镇1538名H型高血压患者的健康档案,患者的基本信息、体检状况、指导医生、用药情况、诊疗情况、健康指导等信息都记录得非常详细。据这家基层医院的负责人介绍,通过这些数据,他们可以对全镇所有H型高血压患者进行统一管理、统一指导服药。在诊疗过程中,三级医疗机构各司其职,荣成市级医院医师负责进行诊断、制定个体化治疗方案;基层医院医师负责执行专科医生制定的诊疗方案,掌握病情的变化,将病情控制不良的患者信息及时反馈至专科医生;乡村医生经培训后,负责患者定期的随访与健康教育,安排随诊时间及双向转诊相关事宜。荣成在脑卒中防控体系中着力打造的“三级联动”模式,实行“基层首诊、双向转诊、急慢分治、上下联动”的分级诊疗制度,为全市年满18周岁居民提供免费检测、登记、管理、咨询、诊疗、药品发放等服务,逐渐形成诊疗和健康管理相结合的H型高血压和脑卒中防控体系,以提升H型高血压患者规范管理率,降低脑卒中发生率。
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