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长征火箭今年海上发射试验 2018年可接国际订单

2017-09-04 19:00:39   中国青年网

近年来,许多地处赤道地区的国家对发射近赤道、低倾角度卫星需求越来越旺盛。发射这类卫星离赤道越近,发射能力损失越小,发射成本越低。因此,在靠近赤道的海上进行火箭发射,成为许多航天强国争相开发的一种发射模式。

据近日召开的第三届中国(国际)商业航天高峰论坛上的消息,针对国际商业用户的需求,中国航天科技集团公司的长征火箭正在开发海上发射技术。

长征火箭在国际市场上享有盛誉,各方客户充满信心。

近年来,作为中国高新技术在国际市场上的一个金字招牌,长征火箭主动进入国际市场,深度参与国际竞争。截至目前,我国运载火箭的主力军长征系列火箭已经完成了250次发射,其中累计为国内外客户提供商业发射60次,其中搭载发射服务14次,凭借高可靠性的品质,在国际商业航天市场享有很高声誉。

已经有了海南发射场,为何还要继续向低纬走?

虽然我们航天的第4个发射场——中国文昌航天发射场,已经比较靠近赤道了,但是它的纬度还是在19度。有一些卫星发射的任务,是需要倾角最好能到5度甚至更小,所以说即使是在海南发射,它对运载的要求也比较大。

换句话说,只能是大马拉一个小车,这是很不划算的,所以技术人员也在考虑把集团公司差不多适当的小火箭,机动灵活地拉到更靠近赤道的地方,来实现这种发射,满足这样的卫星发射需求。

在长征系列现役火箭当中,具有小型化、低成本特点的长征六号和长征十一号运载火箭是长征火箭进军商业航天的主力构型。长征十一号运载火箭是我国首个通用性固体运载火箭,凭借快速灵活的发射方式,目前已经斩获十几亿元的商业发射订单。

对于海上发射,我国目前已有明确计划。

海上发射在技术上并不困难,海上发射平台可由万吨级的普通货船加以改造,火箭则采用对发射设施依赖较少、目前技术较成熟的固体火箭。

据介绍,长征火箭今年将进行海上发射的关键技术试验,预计2018年就可以面向国际商业用户提供这种发射方式。届时,长征火箭可将500公斤的卫星送到轨道倾角为0到10度,高度为500公里的轨道。

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