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高清组图:探访中国传统村落湖北咸丰王母洞·蒋家古居

2017-09-01 16:06:13   中国青年网

高清组图:探访中国传统村落湖北咸丰王母洞·蒋家古居

王母洞既是一座洞穴的名字,也是一个生产组的名字,位于湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州咸丰县坪坝营镇马家沟村。

王母洞这座洞穴,分布于这座山体之中。山体系喀斯特地貌,俗称“龙古石山”。洞口悬在山腰绝壁上,被灌木丛掩盖,俗称“进洞”,自下而上有羊肠小道相连;于山体背面,另有隐秘尾洞通向野外,俗称“出洞”;洞分若干层,每层又分若干岔,洞中有山,洞中有洞,洞中有水,洞底有河,几乎镂空整座山体。

解放前,这座洞穴因地势险要、易守难攻而成为当地百姓躲避战乱、匪患的“要塞”。那时,近邻的百姓常将金银细软、粮食油盐藏在洞里,并备有床铺、锅灶、柴禾,危急之时,男女老幼立马进洞,再用大石头封住洞口,安然避险。

如今,它已成为人们野外探险、寻古觅幽的场所。

王母洞这个生产组,是蒋家古居所在地。

蒋家古居现存6个土家吊脚楼院落,系清乾隆年间所建,距今已有270多年历史,是咸丰县保存最为完好、最为古老的吊脚楼建筑群。建筑模式分“四合水天井院”“三合水‘撮箕口’吊脚楼”“‘钥匙头’吊脚楼”“‘回廊’吊脚楼”。院坝系青石板铺就,局部已损毁;阶沿系“型条石”砌筑,保存完好;柱磴、台磴、圆磴、方磴、石水缸,皆为青石,雕饰精美。2012年,王母洞蒋家古居入列第一批中国传统村落名录。

眼下,因部分蒋氏后裔迁居集镇或城市,部分古居处于闲置、失修状态,个别屋檐的挑头、檩子、椽子已腐朽垮掉,个别院坝的青石板已破损残缺,整个建筑群亟待实施防腐、防蛀和防火修缮。(曹牧雨 曹牧桐)

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